B4galnt2蛋白質（Sda β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II）為催化由UDP-GalNAc經由β-1,4鍵結將GalNAc連接至尾端為NeuAcα2-3之Gal的C4位置之轉醣酵素，此一過程為形成Sda/Cad抗原之反應決定步驟。過去研究已發現此一修飾會存在於pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs)、zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (Zp-3)以及glycodelin（Gd）等表現於雌性生殖系統懷孕期之蛋白質上，推測此一結構在生殖系統中具有生理意義。經由小鼠in vivo、初級子宮內膜細胞培養in vitro以及啟動子reporter assay施以賀爾蒙處理之實驗結果，首次發現於子宮組織中，B4galnt2基因會受到助孕酮的正向調控，而動情素則抑制其表現。小鼠懷孕期間體內助孕酮濃度會隨之上升，因此3.5及10.5天可觀察到子宮組織中表現於細胞內之B4galnt2顯著增加。B4galnt2亦表現於E3.5之囊胚表面及囊胚細胞內，利用RNAi、B4galnt2抗體抑制實驗及具有辨認Sda抗原能力之植物凝集素DBA均可明顯對早期胚胎著床有抑制效果，說明位於囊胚細胞表面以及細胞內之B4galnt2均參與於早期胚胎著床過程。推測B4galnt2位於細胞內功能應為轉醣酵素職司後轉譯修飾Sda抗原於蛋白質或脂類之上，其及所催化形成之Sda抗原可能經由類似受器/配體的關係而達成促進並維持胚胎早期附著的重要功能。

Glycosylation is a fundamentally important modification in reproductive physiology, including embryo implantation. The B4galnt2 encodes an enzyme, the Sda β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II (β4GalNAcT-II, B4galnt2), which catalyzes the GalNAc linking to the Gal of the NeuAcα2-3Galβ terminal structure via the β-1,4 linkage and forms the sda antigen. In the reproductive system, sda antigen has been found in association with glycoproteins, which are specifically related with pregnancy, such as bovine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs), zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (Zp-3) and glycodelin (Gd). Via hormone treatment in vitro and promoter reporter assay, this study realized that B4galnt2 was positively regulated by progesterone (P4) and negatively regulated by estrogen (E2) in the uteri. These results coincided with in vivo observation. During pregnancy, B4galnt2 is significantly expressed on the intracellular portion of uterine tissue for high levels of P4 at E3.5 and E10.5. This study suggested that the uteri could provide Sda modified protein(s) or lipid(s) on the surface of uterine epithelia at these moments. Using siRNA assay to reduce the B4galnt2 expression in vivo, the reduction of embryonic numbers in uteri revealed the importance of this gene in embryo implantation and development. Furthermore, Bgalnt2 was found to locate on the surface and intracellular portion of E3.5 blastocysts, via confocal microscopy observation. The suppression of blastocyst adhesion by the anti-B4galnt2 antibody and lectin, Dolichos biflous agglutinin (DBA), in vitro and in vivo, was demonstrated by the involvement of B4galnt2 in embryonic early implantation. These results suggested that B4galnt2 on the blastocyst membrane surface may be associated with the sda antigen containing protein(s) or lipid(s) on the uterine epithelium. In addition, the sda antigen on the blastocyst membrane surface bound the receptor/acceptor on the endometrial surface to permit early embryo implantation jointly.

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