由於LED的出現，使得手術燈的燈源有了新的選擇。傳統手術燈的鎢鹵素燈體積大，且效率較低，有許多能量部分在紅外線區段，容易使得病人與醫生處於高溫環境；LED效率雖高，但流明數目前仍低於鎢鹵素燈，因此需要使用多顆LED來共同形成所需的光照形式安排。本研究致力設計光學透鏡導引光線集中於照明面積上，且設計多顆LED的配光形式，來達到手術燈所該有的設計規範。本研究使用Tailored Free-Form的方式產生透鏡的中空管形狀以及全反射面與前端透鏡輪廓，此方法比調整參數來控制非球面曲線來的更加確實與快速，再使用程式克服大量光線以及多LED排列的模擬問題，並實做透鏡加以實驗與驗証分析設計結果。最後從研究結果中歸納出中空管、全反射面和前端透鏡對於最大照度值、光形和顏色分佈之間的關係。

Due to the good performance in power efficiency of the LED (Light Emitting Diode), using LED as an alternative choice of light source of surgical operating lamp is a good idea. Halogen lamp which is used for traditional surgical operating lamp has some problems such as big size and low efficiency,. In addition to the size and efficiency, the spectrum of the Halogen lamp has some energy belong to infrared ray which makes the patient and the surgeon stay in high temperature environment. Although LED has high efficiency, its total lumen is lower than halogen lamp, therefore, it is necessary to use many LED to achieve the illumination specifications. This research tries to design a surgical optical lens to guide light ray to specific area, and design the configuration for many LED to achieve the illumination specifications required by surgical operating lamp standard. This research design the shape of hollow tube of the lens, the profile of total reflection surface of the lens and front lens with Tailored Free-Form method. This method can make design procedure more effective and faster than the method which adjusting the parameters of none aspheric curve. The simultaneous equations are solved to find the path for a large number of light rays and multi-LED arrangement, respectively. We also fabricate the lens and do some experiment to test and the results are used to verify the simulation result. This research finds out how hollow tube, total reflection surface and front lens influence max luminance, luminance distribution and color distribution.

[1] A. M. Smith and H. H. Frazier, "Stacked elliptical reflector for surgical lighthead," US5971569-A, US5971569-A 26 Oct 1999 F21V-007/08 200008 Pages: 6.
[2] U. Gampe and S. Greif, "Reflector for a radiating luminous source and use of the same," US6080464A1, Jun. 27, 2000.
[3] H. H. Frazier and A. M. Smith, "Surgical light with conical reflector," US5913599-A, US5913599-A 22 Jun 1999 F21V-005/00 199933 Pages: 6.
[4] T. M. Lemous, "Medical device for lighting a treatment field," US5485319A1, Jan. 16, 1996.
[5] N. E. Shatz and J. C. Bortz, "Inverse engineering perspective on nonimaging optical design," in Nonimaging Optics: Maximum Efficiency Light Transfer III, San Diego, CA, USA, 1995, pp. 136-156.
[6] W. A. Parkyn and D. G. Pelka, "New TIR lens applications for light-emitting diodes," in Nonimaging Optics: Maximum Efficiency Light Transfer IV, San Diego, CA, USA, 1997, pp. 135-140.
[7] H. Ries and J. M. Gordon, "Double-tailored imaging concentrators," in Nonimaging Optics: Maximum Efficiency Light Transfer V, Denver, CO, USA, 1999, pp. 129-134.
[8] W. A. Parkyn and D. G. Pelka, "Illuminance-mapping linear lenses for LEDs," in Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems II, San Diego, CA, USA, 2005, pp. 59420L-12.
[9] H. Ries and J. Muschaweck, "Tailored freeform optical surfaces," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 19, 2002., pp. 590-595.
[10] A. L. Timinger, J. A. Muschaweck, and H. Ries, "Designing tailored free-form surfaces for general illumination," in Design of Efficient Illumination Systems, San Diego, CA, USA, 2003, pp. 128-132.
[11] A. Domhardt, S. Weingaertner, U. Rohlfing, and U. Lemmer, "TIR optics for non-rotationally symmetric illumination design," in Illumination Optics, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2008, pp. 710304-11.
[12] V. Medvedev, D. G. Pelka, and W. A. Parkyn, "Uniform LED illuminator for miniature displays," in Illumination and Source Engineering, San Diego, CA, USA, 1998, pp. 142-153.
[13] J. C. Bortz, N. E. Shatz, and D. Pitou, "Optimal design of a nonimaging projection lens for use with an LED source and a rectangular target," in Novel Optical Systems Design and Optimization III, San Diego, CA, USA, 2000, pp. 130-138.
[14] J. C. Bortz, N. E. Shatz, and M. Keuper, "Optimal design of a nonimaging TIR doublet lens for an illumination system using an LED source," in Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems, Denver, CO, USA, 2004, pp. 8-16.
[15] Y. Zhen, Z. Jia, and W. Zhang, "The optimal design of TIR lens for improving LED illumination uniformity and efficiency," in Optical Design and Testing III, Beijing, China, 2007, pp. 68342K-8.
[16] Y.-Y. Chen, I. J. Chen, A. J.-W. Whang, and L.-T. Chen, "Analysis of die-imaging and yellow hue phenomena in LED TIR lens," in Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems V, San Diego, CA, USA, 2008, pp. 70590O-11.