新型二價鉑與鋨金屬磷光材料的製備與其在電激發光元件上的應用

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研究生：	張昇原 Sheng-Yuan Chang
論文名稱：	新型二價鉑與鋨金屬磷光材料的製備與其在電激發光元件上的應用
指導教授：	季昀 Yun Chi
口試委員:
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	理學院 - 化學系 Department of Chemistry
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	268
中文關鍵詞：	電激發光元件、磷光材料
相關次數：	點閱：38 下載：0
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隨著科技進步，人們對於電子產品的消費型態也隨之改變，以顯示器為例，已由原本厚重的陰極射線管 (CRT)，進入平面液晶顯示器 (LCD) 的時代；而傳統耗電照明光源也逐漸被較省電的發光二極體 (LED) 取代，而且後勢看漲。現今原物料飆漲與綠色環保意志的抬頭，人們也開始尋求更多的新興技術來符合耗電量小，效率高與低成本等條件，而有機發光二極體 (Organic Light-Emitting Diode；OLED)，其許多優點正好符合，在全世界學界、產業界的重視下積極發展，期望在未來平面顯示器或是白光照明運用上佔有舉足輕重的地位。因此研發出高效率、高穩定性且符合商業價值的紅、綠、藍發光材料或是紅橘光材料，將是邁進OLEDs時代的重要關鍵。近年來，在這塊發光材料研發領域上，以有機金屬磷光 (phosphorescence) 材料最為重視。尤其以第三列過渡金屬為金屬中心 (Os(II)、Ir(III) 與Pt(II) 等)，所合成的磷光材料，在重金屬效應下，使磷光放光的效率大大提升。
因此本論文主要探討兩種過渡金屬磷光錯合物: 一為磷光鉑金屬錯合物的合成與應用；另一為磷光鋨金屬錯合物的合成與應用。在鉑金屬錯合物方面，主要探討如何引進與設計具有立體障礙的結構，設法降低單體間的作用力，使其無論在調整光色或是元件效率的提升上，更加容易。而在鋨金屬錯合物方面，其一是利用化學鍵將磷光小分子與高分子做結合，有別於過去文獻利用銥金屬(III)錯合物做為磷光小分子，在此利用鋨金屬磷光小分子的優勢去製備出高效率磷光高分子元件；另一部份，設法利用螯合取代過去單取代的磷位配位基，設法增加材料穩定性，並以推拉電子性質的螯合磷配位基，調節中心鋨金屬的電子密度，進而調整光色。

摘要.....................................................1
第一章、序論.............................................2
前言.....................................................2
第一節、OLED的發展史與發光原理...........................5
第二節、螢光與磷光發光原理...............................7
第三節、電激發光元件中摻雜系統的能量轉移機制............10
第四節、磷光材料的發展史................................13
第五節、發光材料在電激發光元件上的運用..................18
磷光材料鉑金屬錯合物與其OLEDs上的運用...................18
磷光材料鋨金屬錯合物與其O/PLEDs上的運用.................23
白光元件的製備與探討....................................26
第六節、本文目的........................................29
第二章、實驗合成........................................30
第一節、試藥............................................30
第二節、分析工具........................................30
第三節、配位基的合成....................................35
【Pyridyl-pyrazole系列】................................35
【Pyridyl-triazole系列】................................40
【Phenyl-pyridine系列】.................................46
【Hexafluoro-2-(pyridinyl)propan-2-ol系列】.............48
【Phosphine系列】.......................................50
第四節、錯合物的合成....................................54
2. 4. 1 Pt(II)金屬錯合物的合成..........................54
Pt(1-iqdzH)Cl2 (1a).....................................54
Pt(3-iqdzH)Cl2 (1b).....................................56
Pt(fppzH)Cl2 (1c).......................................57
Pt(1-iqdz)2 (2a)........................................59
Pt(3-iqdzH)2 (2b).......................................60
Pt(pydz)2 (2c)..........................................61
Pt(1-iqdz)(pic) (3a)....................................62
Pt(3-iqdz)(pic) (3b)....................................63
Pt(1-iqdz)(fppz) (4a)...................................64
Pt(3-iqdz)(fppz) (4b)...................................65
Pt(fppz)(pzH)Cl (5a)....................................66
Pt(fppz)(dmpzH)Cl (5b)  Pt(fppz)(dmpzH)2Cl (5c).........67
Cis- and Trans-[Pt(fppz)(dbpzH)Cl] (5d) (5d’)..........69
Trans- and Cis-[Pt(fppz)(□-pz)]2 (6a) (6a’)...........71
Trans- and Cis-[Pt(fppz)(□-dmpz)]2 (6b) (6b’).........72
Pt(ppy)(pym) (7a).......................................74
Pt(ppy)(bpym) (8a)......................................75
Pt(bq)(pym) (7b)........................................76
Pt(bq)(bpym) (8b).......................................77
Pt(dfppy)(pym) (7c).....................................78
Pt(dfppy)(bpym) (8c)....................................79
Pt(nazo)(pym) (7d)......................................80
Pt(nazo)(bpym) (8d).....................................81
2. 4. 2 Os(II)金屬錯合物的合成..........................82
Os(hfptz)2(PPh2BP)2 (9).................................83
Os(fppz)2(PEt2BP)2 (10a)................................84
Os(fptz)2(PEt2BP)2 (10b)................................85
Os(bpftz)2(PEt2BP)2 (10c)...............................87
Os(bptz)2(dppb) (11a)...................................89
Os(bpbtz)2(dppb) (11b)..................................90
Os(fpbtz)2(dppb) (11c)..................................91
Os(bpftz)2(dppb) (11d)..................................92
Os(bptz)2(dppee) (11e)..................................93
Os(bptz)2(dmpb) (11f)...................................94
Os(bpbtz)2(dmpb) (11g)..................................95
Os(fptz)2(dmpb) (11h)...................................96
Os(fpbtz)2(dmpb) (11i)..................................97
Os(bptz)2(dmpm) (11j)...................................98
Os(fptz)2(dmpm) (11k)...................................99
Os(bptz)2(dhpm) (11L)..................................100
Os(bppz)2(dhpm) (11m)..................................101
Os(fptz)2(dhpm) (11n)..................................102
Os(iqptz)2(dppb) (11o).................................103
Os(iqbtz)2(dppb) (11p).................................104
Os(iqbtz)2(dmpb) (11q).................................105
Os(fppz)2(dfppb) (11r).................................106
Os(bpftz)2(dfppb) (11s)................................107
第三章、結果與討論.....................................109
第一節、Platinum (II) Complexes Containing Indazolate Ligands................................................109
3. 1. 1合成與鑑定......................................110
3. 1. 2 X- ray單晶結構解析.............................112
3. 1. 3 錯合物2a ~ 4b的光物理探討......................120
3. 1. 3. 1 錯合物2a、2b與2c的光物理探討................120
3. 1. 3. 2 錯合物3a ~ 4b的光物理探討...................125
3. 1. 4 DFT理論計算結果與討論..........................128
3. 1. 5 元件的製備與探討...............................140
3. 1. 5. 1 錯合物2a元件的製備與探討....................140
3. 1. 5. 2 錯合物2c元件的製備與探討....................144
3. 1. 5. 3 錯合物3a元件的製備與探討....................151
第二節、Platinum (II) Complexes Containing Pyridylpyrazolate Chelate and Pyrazolate Ligands.......154
3. 2. 1 合成與鑑定.....................................155
3. 2. 2 X- ray單晶結構解析.............................158
3. 2. 3 錯合物5c、6a(a’) 與 6b(b’) 的光物理探討......171
3. 2. 4 錯合物5c 與 6b(b’) 的 DFT 理論計算結果與討論..176
第三節、 Platinum (II) Complexes Containing Hexafluoro-2-(pyridinyl)- propan-2-ol Ligands.......................183
3. 3. 1 合成與鑑定.....................................184
3. 3. 2 X-ray單晶結構解析..............................185
3. 3. 3 錯合物7a ~ 8d的光物理探討......................191
3. 3. 4 錯合物8a元件的製備與探討.......................197
第四節、Osmiun (II) Complexes Containing (4-Bromophenyl)-   diethylphosphine.......................................201
3. 4. 1 合成與鑑定.....................................202
3. 4. 2薄膜相 (Film Morphology)........................206
3. 4. 3 TOF-Os高分子系統的光物理探討...................208
3. 4. 4 電化學實驗 (CV)................................212
3. 4. 5 元件的製備與探討...............................214
3. 4. 5. 1 TOF-Os(fppz) 元件的製備與探討...............215
3. 4. 5. 2 TOF-Os(fptz) 與TOF-Os(bpftz) 元件的製備與探討    ..............................................221
3. 4. 5. 3 TOF-W (TOF-BT0.01-Os(bpftz)0.02) 元件的製備與探討    ..............................................229
第五節、Chelating Phosphine Functionalized Os(II) Complexes    ..............................................233
3. 5. 1 合成與鑑定.....................................234
3. 5. 2 錯合物的光物理與電化學性質探討.................235
3. 5. 2. 1 改變Phosphine對錯合物性質的影響.............235
3. 5. 2. 2 改變配位基對錯合物性質的影響................238
3. 5. 3 元件的製備與探討...............................246
3. 5. 3. 1 錯合物11e元件的製備與探討...................246
3. 5. 3. 2 高CRI的二波段純白光元件.....................251
第四章、結果與討論.....................................258
參考資料...............................................262

                                

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