本研究以1990年至2023年間31個國家的追蹤資料（Panel Data）為基礎，探討全球化對經濟不平等之影響，並從貿易全球化、金融全球化與社會全球化三個面向進行分析。研究以吉尼係數作為衡量所得分配不均的主要指標，透過固定效果模型（Fixed Effects Model）並控制國家與時間的固定效果進行實證分析，並進行穩健性檢驗。
實證結果顯示，貿易全球化普遍有助於降低所得不平等；金融全球化的影響則較為複雜，部分國家藉由金融市場深化而改善了所得分配，另一些國家則因金融開放所帶來的資本市場波動，加劇了經濟不平等的現象。社會全球化透過人員流動、資訊傳播及文化交流等管道，對所得分配具有顯著且差異化的影響，尤其以中等教育入學率、高等教育入學率，以及政府教育支出佔GDP比例的提升，普遍呈現出緩解經濟不平等的正面效果。
研究建議，各國政府在面對全球化浪潮時，應充分考量本國經濟與社會發展的特色與需求，因地制宜地制定有效政策措施，以降低全球化可能帶來的風險，推動更為公平且具包容性的經濟發展。

This study investigates the impact of globalization on economic inequality using panel data from 31 countries over the period from 1990 to 2023, focusing on three dimensions: trade globalization, financial globalization, and social globalization. The Gini coefficient is employed as the primary indicator for measuring income inequality. A fixed effects model controlling for both country and time effects is utilized for empirical analysis, accompanied by robustness checks.
Empirical findings indicate that trade globalization generally contributes to reducing income inequality across countries. The effects of financial globalization, however, are more complex: some countries experience improved income distribution through deepening financial markets, while others face intensified inequality due to volatility in capital markets resulting from financial liberalization. Social globalization, involving channels such as the movement of people, information dissemination, and cultural exchange, significantly and differently affects income distribution. Specifically, improvements in secondary and tertiary education enrollment rates, as well as increased government education expenditure as a proportion of GDP, generally demonstrate positive effects in alleviating economic inequality.
The study recommends that governments carefully consider their economic and social characteristics when responding to globalization, developing tailored policy measures to mitigate potential risks and promoting fairer, more inclusive economic development.