同調光繞射顯微術（Coherent Diffraction Microscopy, CDM）是一種在理論上不需透過結晶的情況下以原子尺度解析度來呈現材料細微結構的成像方法，對於生物成像學來說具有極大的優勢。然而以生物巨分子、輕元素組成或者尺寸小於100奈米的目標物作為樣品時，由於缺乏高角度的散射訊號，CDM實際所能達到的解析度受限於數奈米。另一方面，小角度散射(Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, SAXS)則能夠通過擬合一維的繞射訊號來比對出樣品的高解析度三維結構。然而需要大量的資料庫來做為比對依據以及非唯一解使得SAXS有著多重的限制。為了突破繞射成像學的瓶頸，我們提出系綜繞射顯微術(Ensemble Diffraction Microscopy ,EDM)來提升現今繞射成像的解析度。藉由台灣光子源的完全及部分相干的X光源，從450奈米左右的標準樣品到60奈米的一般性材料以及20奈米類病毒生物奈米樣品，EDM被證實了可被應用在廣泛的光源種類以及各種樣品上。為了將EDM實際應用在生物成像，我們更結合電場控制以及生物表面修飾技術，提供了一個全新的成像方法學。

Coherent Diffraction Microscopy (CDM) is an imaging technique that, in theory, allows for atomic-scale resolution of material structures without the need for crystallization. It holds great potential for the field of biological imaging. However, when dealing with biomacromolecule, light elements composed or even the size of sample is smaller than 100 nm, the lack of high-angle scattering signal limits the achievable resolution of CDM to a few nanometers. On the other hand, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) can provide high-resolution 3D structural information of samples by fitting one-dimensional diffraction signals. However, SAXS faces the limitations such as the need for extensive databases for comparison and non-unique solutions. To overcome the challenges of applying diffraction microscopy, we propose Ensemble Diffraction Microscopy (EDM) to break through the resolution of current diffraction imaging techniques. Using both totally and partially coherent X-ray sources at Taiwan Photon Source, EDM has been demonstrated to be applicable to various light sources and samples; from standard samples of around 450 nanometers to general materials of 60 nanometers and virus-like-particles of 20 nanometers. Furthermore, to implement EDM in biological imaging, we combine electric field control with surface modification techniques, providing a novel methodology for diffraction imaging.

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