研究生: |
吳家齊 Ja-Chi Wu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
團聯式共聚合體之奈米空間結晶行為研究:等溫結晶動力學與結晶誘導形態轉換 Nano-Scaled Crystallization Behavior of Block Copolymers:Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Crystallization induced Morphological Transition |
指導教授: |
陳信龍
|
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工學院 - 化學工程學系 Department of Chemical Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2001 |
畢業學年度: | 89 |
語文別: | 中文 |
中文關鍵詞: | 團聯式共聚合體 、微相分離形態 、層狀結構 、六角堆積圓柱形態 、體心立方圓球堆積形態 |
相關次數: | 點閱:101 下載:0 |
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摘要
本研究主要是於無定形-結晶性團聯式共聚合物(amorphous-crystalline block copolymer , A-b-C)中摻入無定形均聚合物探討其摻合體之微相分離形態,受到形態影響之結晶動力學,及結晶前後微相分離形態之變化o我們分別利用小角度X光散射(small-angle X-ray scattering , SAXS)與微分熱卡計(differential scanning calorimetry , DSC)來觀察摻合體之形態及其結晶行為o
團聯式共聚合物之微相分離形態會隨著其兩鏈段之體積分率不同而出現層狀排列(lamellae)、六角堆積圓柱 (hexagonally packed cylinder)、體心立心堆積之圓球(body-centered cubic packed sphere)等奈米級微相分離形態o因此我們可藉著於A-b-C共聚合物中摻入不同比例的A段的均聚物以改變A高分子的體積分率,使C鏈段呈現層狀、圓柱與圓球的奈米級microdomain,進而研究C段在這些幾何形狀microdomain之結晶行為,以了解高分子鏈在奈米空間下之結晶是否與bulk環境下有所不同o
我們研究的系統,是以ploy(ethylene oxide-b-butadiene) (PEO-b-PB)摻入不同比例之PBo由SAXS之結果得知,摻合體熔融時的微相分離形態會隨著PB摻入之比例不同而改變,在PB之總體積分率為0.64之前,PEO呈現層狀之microdomain;當PB之總體積分率達0.69 ~ 0.78之間時,其轉變為圓柱形microdomain;而當PB之總體積分率達0.83以上時,則為圓球之microdomaino
將這些摻合體以DSC做降溫實驗,發現摻合體中PEO段的結晶速率會隨著微相形態變化而出現極大的差異,且PEO之結晶速率和其microdomain形態有一對一的相對應關係存在o層狀形態之摻合體有最快的結晶速率,圓柱狀形態次之,圓球形態則最慢;而在形態轉換之間,其結晶速率也存在著兩個不連續變化o其結晶動力學之所以受到微相分離形態影響的主要原因,是結晶速率取決於結晶成分濃度於空間上的連續性,當結晶成分濃度在空間上出現濃度不連續時,為了順利達成結晶程序,各microdomain內必須自行形成晶核,因此對於整個系統而言,不連續相之圓柱及圓球形態結晶所需之晶核數目遠多於連續相結晶所需之晶核數,而又由於非連續相之結晶被限制於奈米尺寸下發生,因此無法藉由巨觀的粒子(macroscopic particle)引發異質成核(heterogeneous nucleation),所以均質成核(homogeneous nucleation)便成為控制結晶速率之主因,這樣的結果,我們可藉由均質成核所導出之一級反應動力學配合等溫結晶量測結晶度隨時間變化之實驗證實之o
摻合體結晶之後的形態,除了層狀排列形態仍保持原有的微相結構之外;圓柱及圓球形態之摻合體於結晶之後,不再維持其熔融態時的形態,而是出現一介於層狀與原先熔融結構間的"中間相"o由於分子間強排斥作用力之故,使得結晶驅動力無法完全克服微相分離驅動力,因此,晶體成長無法有效延伸至其他microdomains,形成完全破壞原先微相分離形態的層狀結構o
Abstract
The morphology and crystallization kinetics in the blends of a symmetric poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polybutadiene (PEO-b-PB) and a PB homopolymer were investigated by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and DSC. In the melt state, morphological transition from lamellae to hexagonally packed cylinders to bcc packed spheres was observed with increasing volume fraction of PB (|PB). The crystallization kinetics of PEO blocks confined in the nano-scaled microdomains exhibited a parallel transition with the morphological transformation. The distinct correlation was largely associated with the homogeneous nucleation-controlled crystallization in the microdomains, where the proportionality between nucleation rate and microdomain volume rendered the basis for the direct correlation. The crystallization was homogeneous nucleation controlled since impurities were unable to be induced nucleation in the nano-scaled microdomains. The homogeneous nucleation controlled mechanism was further verified the by first-order kinetic behavior associated with the cryatallinity development. In this case, the crystal kinetics in the lamellar melt was however not HN controlled. The crystallization rate decreased slightly as |PB increased because the crystallization behavior was not only dominated by nucleation but also influenced by crystal growth since the crystal growth was capable of propagating over a macroscopic length scale. The morphology of blends after crystallization was also detected by SAXS and it was also found that the initial microdomain structure was neither fully preserved nor completely disrupted into 1-D stacked lamellar morphology upon crystallization. An "intermediate structure" was likely formed after the crystallization.
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