一個公司最主要的目的就是賺取更多的利潤，對半導體業而言，良率提升、重新排程都是可以提升企業生產力、進而獲取利潤的好辦法。半導體業有一個特性就是「強者愈強、弱者愈弱」，因此許多合併案不斷的發生，一些頗具規模的半導體廠都擁有多座晶圓廠在量產， 跨廠區間的訂單分配問題因此益顯重要，過去較少有研究著墨在跨廠區間的訂單分派問題，本研究針對此一問題作較深入的探討與研究。
過去多依照經驗法則與上級指示策略性的分配訂單，這種情形尤其在半導體代工業最常見，因為代工業是接單式生產，他們必須面對充滿不確定性的訂單與景氣循環，但是過去的經驗並不能確保為公司帶來最大的利潤，現在產業競爭激烈，如能在分配訂單時將企業體所有晶圓廠的資源一併考慮進來，相信為企業帶來更多的利潤。

本研究提出一個線性規劃模式，考量良率與投片量之間的關係、直/間接成本、與整座晶圓廠的產能限制，涵蓋範圍包括產能大於或是小於訂單需求，以及重點客戶、重點產品與價格變化的情形。此一模式可提供決策的基礎，決定如何將訂分配到不同工廠中以為公司帶來整體最大利潤。

LINDO是本研究求解線性規劃問題所使用的軟體，在本研究所做的實驗結果顯示本研究所提出的線性規劃模式可有效率的分配訂單。

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The primary purpose of a company is profit making. There are many ways to improve the profitability of a company. For a semiconductor manufacturing company, yield improvement, rescheduling, and productivity enhancement can all lead to more profits. Much research has been done on scheduling in a single fab environment in recent years, but there is little research about multi-fabs orders allocation. The trend of the semiconductor manufacturing industry is “The big ones become bigger and the small ones become smaller”. Therefore many mergers are taking place. This causes some large companies to have more than one fab. How to allocate orders between multi-fabs and how to make sure the allocation can gain more profit become a very important topic for a company which has more than one fab.
In the past, there was no good way to allocate customers’ orders between multi-fabs in a semiconductor manufacturing company. This situation is often found in companies whose core business is foundry because they must face unexpected orders from customers and they can only depend on past experience to do order allocation. And the allocation cannot make sure if it can bring maximum profit for the company. But they often do not take the profit of the whole company into account. If we want to get the maximum profit for the company, we must consider all fabs of the company and maximize the profit.

This research proposes a linear programming model to solve this kind of problems. It considers the total waferout, yield, cost (including fixed and variable cost), price, special constraint of the fab, the capacity limit (photo moves of one fab) and the allocation ratio of one order. The objective is to maximize profit . A commercial software LINDO was applied to solve the LP problem. Real data collected from a semiconductor manufacturing company was tested for a system verification. The results show that the proposed model can effectively allocate the orders among different fabs.

1.1研究背景與動機 1

1.2研究目的 4

1.3研究範圍與限制 7

1.4研究方法 8

第二章 文獻探討 10

2.1生產管制活動簡介 10

2.2產能規劃 13

2.2.1粗略產能規劃 14

2.2.2產能需求規劃 17

2.2.3無限負荷細部產能規劃 20

2.2.4有限負荷細部產能規劃 20

2.2.5晶圓製程之產能負荷規劃方法 21

2.3訂單管理 24

2.4訂單分配 28

第三章 產能與訂單分派問題 35

3.1問題描述與現況 35

3.2訂單處理程序 36

3.3決策程序建立 40

3.4 LP MODEL 41

3.5模式說明 53

3.5.1建構模式基本資料 53

3.5.2結果 56

3.5.3結果分析與討論 57

第四章 模式驗證 61

4.1模式輸入資料與假設 61

4.2結果分析與討論 65

4.2.1CASE1 65

4.2.2CASE2 72

4.2.3CASE3 77

4.3 討論 82

第五章 結論與未來展望 83

5.1結論 83

5.2未來研究方向 84

參考文獻 86

附錄A 模式1 90

附錄B CASE1 95

附錄C CASE2 100

附錄D CASE3 105

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