本論文總共分為三大部分，以軟性材料為出發點，進行不同波段的光學特性研究，並將其應用於拉曼檢測及日間輻射冷卻裝置。第一部分為利用物理濺鍍金奈米粒子於濾紙表面做為拉曼增益基材，希望製作出方便攜帶、可拋棄式以及環境友善的拉曼訊號增強試紙。第二部分則是以化學合成法製作金奈米粒子，並以濾紙為基材以增益待測物拉曼訊號。第三部分是利用天然蠶絲蛋白於紅外光大氣窗口波段(8~13μm)的高吸收性質，讓整體的輻射量遠大於從外界吸收到的輻射熱，達到降溫目的以利應用於日間輻射冷卻的裝置。
第一部分是以濾紙作為基材，搭配可攜式拉曼光譜儀做為拉曼訊號增益研究。我們使用物理濺鍍法將金奈米粒子沉積於此擬三微結構的濾紙上，藉由控制金奈米粒子沉積的時間與製程壓力，使之成為良好的增強拉曼訊號基材。在濺鍍金之前，先將全氟辛基三氯矽烷氣相沉積於濾紙，利用其降低基材表面能之效果以利形成奈米粒子，同時利用其超疏水濃縮效應達到濃縮待測物的效果，使待測物可以集中落於金奈米粒子之間的熱點區域。此實驗中探討了顯微拉曼不同雷射波長之光學量測架構和對拉曼效果的影響，並且以電子顯微影像分析金奈米粒子形貌與透過近場光學模擬軟體分析其強電場分布的行為，最後從中找到較佳製作增強拉曼訊號基材的參數。接著，在以入射光波長為785奈米的雷射做為激發光源，比較可攜拉曼和顯微拉曼量測亞甲藍待測物訊號，與表面增強拉曼增益係數，發現最佳製程基材於可攜拉曼量測下其增益係數可達 ，而單點材料成本則低於台幣1元。此最佳化之增益拉曼訊號基材擁有良好的再現性與環境穩定性，透過搭配可攜式拉曼儀器檢測農藥巴拉刈以及常用色素分子，可應用於真實病患血清檢體與市售含色素飲料之檢測。除此之外，在第二部分則是以化學合成法形成金奈米粒子後再沉積於濾紙上，藉由調控金奈米粒子濃度並分析其拉曼增益訊號之最佳參數，當量測標準品亞甲藍時，其線性量測濃度範圍可達10-10~10-7 M。
第三部分為探討不同天然材料其寬波段光學性質與日間輻射冷卻特性，藉由可見光以及紅外光光譜儀搭配積分球套件量測，發現蠶絲蛋白薄膜在AM1.5太陽光譜範圍具有高穿透低吸收特性，於紅外光波段則符合於大氣窗口(8~13 μm)範圍內有寬頻吸收峰。進而透過電子顯微鏡分析其薄膜厚度，搭配上述的量測光譜，擬合出蠶絲蛋白於太陽光及紅外光波段的折射率與消光係數，並計算出最佳降溫效果之蠶絲薄膜厚度，最終評估蠶絲蛋白薄膜實際作為日間輻射冷卻裝置的效果，例如成功冷卻手機於太陽直射下使用時的溫度達2度。

This thesis consists of three parts and we systematically investigated the optical properties of flexible composites at visible (Vis) and infrared (IR) wavelengths for the applications in Raman spectroscopy and daytime radiative cooling devices. The first and second topics are about investigating the portable, disposable and eco-friendly paper-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chips. The third topic is about emlpoying silk protein films as daytime radiative cooling materials because of its high absorption band at IR region, especially within the atmospheric window (8~13μm).
In the first part of the thesis, we fabricated the paper-based SERS substrates via direct sputtering deposition of gold on a filter paper. By finely controlling the deposition rate, deposition time and vacuum pressure during the process, we successfully created non-continuous gold nanoislands (AuNPs) on the paper surface. The gaps between the AuNPs would generate extremely high electric fields to enhance the Raman signals of target molecules. Beside, by using the perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane treatment before sputtering, the surface energy of the paper surface would be siginificantly decreased to induce the formation of AuNPs, rather than continuous gold film. Also, the hydrophobic property can inhibit the diffusion of analytes into the deep location of papers. Therefore, the analytes in a sample droplet could be condensed on the paper surface and consequently raising their effective concentration within the hotspots supported by the AuNPs. Then, we observed the morphologies of the AuNPs on paper by SEM and used a three-dimensional finite-difference time–domain (3D-FDTD) simulation to analyze their near-field electromagnetic responses. Besides, we discussed the influences of the wavelength of excitation laser. The AuNPs SERS paper provided significant responses of SERS intensity of methylene blue (MB) for both micro Raman and portable Raman apparatus with the excitation laser having a wavelength of 785 nm. The optimized AuNPs-deposited papers exhibited a significant Raman enhancement factor up to 109, even by using a portable Raman spectrometer. Finally, we developed low-cost quasi-three dimensional SERS substrates with good reproducibility and stability that can provide potential to improve Raman analyses of pesticides and food additives. Also, the SERS substrates can provide the determination of serum paraquat level of paraquat-poisoned patients and colorants level of beverages. In the second part of the thesis, we fabricated the paper-based SERS substrates via drop-casting pre-synthesized gold nanoparticles on a filter paper. By finely controlling the concentration of gold nanoparticles, we found the AuNPs SERS paper provided linear responses of methylene blue within the concentration range from 10-10 M to 10-7 M with portable Raman apparatus.
In the third part of the thesis, we investigated the optical properties of silk fibroin films over UV-VIS-IR wavelength range. We found the high transmittance within the range of AM1.5 spectrum. Besides, the films also have broadband absorption bands cross the atmosphere windows. Based on the broadband optical spectra and the thickness of the silk films obtained from SEM, we determined the refractive indices and excitation coefficients in the range of AM1.5 spectrum and MIR wavelength. Besides, we could utilize optical simulation to find the optimized thickness for the silk to be applied on thermal management of electronic devices such as cooling down the temperature of smartphones.

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