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研究生: 陳昱升
Chen, Yu-Sheng
論文名稱: 探討長葉茅膏菜酒精萃取物在人類癌細胞株中的抗癌作用
The anticancer effects of Drosera indica ethanolic extracts in human cancer cell lines
指導教授: 詹鴻霖
Chan, Hong-Lin
口試委員: 王浩文
Wang, Hao-Ven
高承源
Kao, Cheng-Yuan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 生命科學暨醫學院 - 生物資訊與結構生物研究所
Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 49
中文關鍵詞: 長葉茅膏菜癌症
外文關鍵詞: Drosera indica, cancer
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  • 依據台灣衛生福利部民國105年的統計資料,國民十大死因榜首為惡性腫瘤,而肺癌的死亡率則高居所有種類癌症的第一名,從世界衛生組織的數據也可看到,肺癌竟可獨立成為全世界人口死因的第五名,顯示了癌症在現今對人類健康危害的程度有多嚴重,其中又以肺癌造成的死亡人數最高。
    在現有的抗癌藥物基礎之上,找尋可輔助現有藥物或是新類型的癌症用藥是十分重要的。在先前的研究中我們看到長葉茅膏菜的萃取物具有不錯的抗癌功效,對細胞模型及動物模型都有相當程度的抗癌效果,但其詳細的作用機制尚未十分明瞭。
    因此在本研究中我們使用長葉茅膏菜萃取物作為實驗測試目標,在多種的癌症細胞株中測試它的抗癌效果,並同時觀察在不同組別中的效果差異,結果顯示在A549與A549/PEM兩株分別對pemetrexed敏感及具抗藥性的肺腺癌細胞株中有不同的毒殺效果。為了進一步探討處理長葉茅膏菜的萃取物對細胞產生的影響,以及可能的作用機制,我們先以Annexin V與PI雙染配合流式細胞儀做處理藥物後細胞凋亡的檢測,結果發現經藥物作用的細胞其細胞凋亡的比例隨著加藥濃度上升而上升,且抗藥性癌細胞株A549/PEM更易受長葉茅膏菜萃取物的影響。接著我們進行了西方墨點實驗以檢測細胞凋亡相關蛋白的表達水平。本篇研究顯示了將草藥萃取物應用於癌症治療的可能性,並解釋了EEDI對細胞株產生細胞毒性的可能機制。


    According to the statistical data made by Ministry of Health and Welfare of Taiwan in 2016, the malignant tumor is the highest ranking of top ten cause of death in Taiwan. And lung cancer is the first leading cause of death among all types of cancer. Moreover, lung cancer occupies the 5th leading cause of death according to the World Health Organization’s report. It suggests that the cancer endangered human health seriously, and the highest number of deaths is caused by lung cancer. In addition to the existing anti-cancer drugs, it is important to look for drugs that serves as adjuvant medication or new types of anti-cancer drugs. In previous studies, we have seen that the extract of Drosera indica had the anti-cancer effect. Both in the cell models and the animal models it has a considerable anti-cancer effect, but the mechanism is not quite clear yet.
    Therefore, in this study, we used the ethanolic extracts of Drosera indica (EEDI) as the drug to be tested. We tested the anti-cancer effect of EEDI on several cancer cell lines, and observed differences between the different tested groups. The results showed that EEDI caused the different cytotoxic effects between pemetrexed-sensitive-A549 cells and pemetrexed-resistant-A549/PEM cells. In order to further investigate the effects of EEDI on the cells and the possible mechanisms, we examined the effect on apoptosis by labeling cells with Annexin V and PI and detecting with flow cytometry. The result indicated that the proportion of cell apoptosis was increased as the drug concentration rising up, and the pemetrexed-resistant A549/PEM cells were more susceptible to EEDI. Furthermore, western blot was performed to monitor the apoptotic protein expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the possibility of applying herbal extracts on cancer treatment and explained the probable mechanism of EEDI’s cytotoxicity on cell lines.

    Abstract 2 中文摘要 3 誌謝 4 壹、 文獻探討 8 一、 長葉茅膏菜(Drosera indica) 8 二、 肝癌(liver cancer) 9 (一)、 肝癌分類 9 (二)、 肝癌危險因素 9 (三)、 肝癌之預防 10 (四)、 肝癌之治療 10 三、 胰臟癌(pancreatic cancer) 11 (一)、 胰臟癌之流行病學 12 (二)、 胰臟癌分類 12 (三)、 胰臟癌臨床分期 12 四、 口腔癌 14 (一)、 口腔癌危險因素 14 (二)、 口腔癌治療方式 14 五、 肺癌(Lung cancer) 15 (一)、 肺癌之流行病學 15 (二)、 肺癌分類 17 (三)、 肺癌臨床分期 18 (四)、 肺癌危險因素 19 (五)、 臨床治療方式 19 六、 癌症抗藥性 19 (一)、 將藥物排出細胞 19 (二)、 腫瘤的微環境 20 (三)、 致癌基因或腫瘤抑制基因之突變 20 七、 愛寧達注射劑(Pemetrexed) 21 八、 研究目的 22 貳、 材料與方法(Material and Methods) 23 一、 藥品與材料來源 23 (一)、 細胞株來源 23 (二)、 藥品與資料來源 24 (三)、 長葉茅膏菜萃取物製備方法 26 二、 細胞株與培養方法 26 (一)、 細胞株與抗藥性細胞株培養方法 26 (二)、 基底膜基質侵犯能力試驗(Transwell invasion assay)篩選細胞 27 三、 細胞存活率分析(MTT proliferation assay) 28 四、 以流式細胞儀進行細胞凋亡分析 28 五、 免疫墨點法(Western blotting) 29 參、 實驗結果 31 一、 長葉茅膏菜萃取物誘導細胞死亡:肝上皮細胞與肝癌細胞 31 二、 長葉茅膏菜萃取物誘導細胞死亡:癌細胞與高侵襲性癌細胞 32 三、 A549與A549/PEM細胞對Pemetrexed之耐受性測試 34 四、 長葉茅膏菜萃取物誘導細胞死亡:癌細胞與抗藥性癌細胞 35 五、 長葉茅膏菜萃取物誘導細胞凋亡 38 六、 長葉茅膏菜萃取物於細胞內之作用機制 42 肆、 討論 45 伍、 結論 48 陸、 參考資料 49

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