在近年來，微量元素可為臨床醫學的醫療指標，為了探討微量元素對人體的關係，本研究希望藉由微量分析化學的觀點，發展新的臨床醫療技術，建立一套適用於人體尿液中微量元素的分析方法。
本研究使用多元素石墨爐原子吸收光譜儀(SIMMA 6000)，直接且同時測定尿液中的銅、鉻、鋁及錳元素，由於尿液中蛋白質及無機鹽類將會對直接測量產生干擾，且四種元素在尿液中的含量均低，是將尿液用去離子水作1：1的稀釋，添加適當的鈀修飾劑，尋找儀器最佳化設定，本研究已可利用簡單的去離子水(含0.2%HNO3)校正曲線，成功地定量標準尿液中的銅、鉻、鋁及錳元素，測定值均可落在認證值的90~110%之間。

在鈀修飾劑的能力方面，經由測定認證標準尿液及觀察石墨平台表面上鈀的沈積顆粒，證明加入氫氣的確能有效的避免鈀沈積顆粒的聚集，使鈀顆粒較小，分佈更均勻，提升鈀穩定分析物的能力，增進原子化效率。

實際應用於人體真實尿液的分析，稀釋的結果可減少基質效應，銅、鉻、鋁及錳的回收率分別為79.8±0.2%、95.0±0.7%、101.6±0.7%和98.2±2.1%。且可利用校正曲線法與標準添加法定量尿液中四元素，而銅、鉻、鋁及錳的偵測極限為0.08ppb、0.05ppb、0.06ppb及0.06ppb，相對標準偏差都小於2%。

The direct and simultaneous determination of copper, chromium, aluminum and manganese in urine using multielement graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer ( Perkin-Elmer SIMAA6000 ) are described. Pd is the chemical modifier. The matrix interference not only could be removed completely by dilution: 1+1, but also the optimal temperature program. A simple calibration curve method could be used to determined Cu, Cr, Al and Mn in SeronormTM Trace element urine. The analyzed values were within the 10% range of the certified values. From the analysis of SeronormTM Trace element urine and observation of platfrom by SEM, using 5%H2 and 95%Ar gas as the purge gas during drying and the first ashing steps could make Pd particles smaller and more well-distributed so that increase the function of Pd chemical modifier and promote the efficiency of atomization. For measurement of the real human urine, the recovery studies of Cu, Cr, Al and Mn were 100±20%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for these four elements were 1.7%, 1.5%, 1.6% and 1.5% and the detection limits were 0.08 μg l-1 for Cu, 0.05 μg l-1 for Cr, 0.06 μg l-1 for Al and 0.06 μg l-1 for Mn.

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