工作記憶是指個體在進行複雜認知歷程時，對訊息同時進行短暫貯存及運作處理的能力。雖然運動對認知功能有益的效果已被科學所證實，然而，阻力運動對於認知功能的影響，尤其是對工作記憶功能的影響仍沒有一致的看法。本研究以18-30歲之無運動習慣之年輕人為對象，分派至實驗組（介入八周的阻力運動訓練）與控制組，使用改編版的Sternberg視覺空間工作記憶任務，透過事件相關電位實驗設計，實驗結果以單因子多變量共變數分析，將前測結果作為共變項排除，以了解運動介入與否在不同負載量的工作記憶歷程表現是否會造成差異。研究結果顯示，在工作記憶的登錄階段，實驗組比控制組有較大的P1、N1及P2振幅，以及較短的P2、P300潛伏期，且這些影響多以中或高負載的登錄刺激量效果才有顯著差異，此外控制組的P300振幅僅在低負載量下大於實驗組；在維持階段實驗組在中負載量下比控制組有較大的LPC振幅；提取階段則兩組在所有負載量下皆無顯著差異。本研究顯示出阻力運動對年輕人工作記憶帶來正面效益，尤其是對於工作記憶的登錄及維持歷程，如：可有效促進注意力資源的利用以及刺激評估處理，對於刺激評估、認知處理速度亦有促進效果，維持功能也較有效率。至於與過去研究較不一致的P300情境更新歷程指標，則推測與認知任務複雜度或運動劑量不足有關，本研究所採用的認知任務較為複雜且有難度，本研究所採用的認知任務較為複雜且有難度，因此推測本研究阻力運動對年輕人工作記憶影響與過去的研究不一致的可能原因，在於本研究與過去的研究使用的認知任務難易度或認知負荷不同。未來可進一步探究不同阻力運動劑量對於年輕人的認知影響，以建立認知促進相關的阻力運動介入之建議。

Working memory refers to the ability of individuals to simultaneously store and process messages while engaged in complex cognitive tasks. The beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function have been confirmed. However, there is still no consensus on the effect of resistance exercise on cognitive functions, especially on working memory. The present study sought participants aged 18-30 who did not habitually exercise. They were assigned to either an exercise group (i.e. an 8-week resistance training intervention) or a control group, and assessed by means of a modified visuospatial Sternberg task, with event-related potentials recorded. The data were analyzed by one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), with pretest results as covariance, to investigate whether the exercise intervention would affect the working memory performance of different loadings. The results showed that during the encoding phase, the exercise group exhibited higher amplitudes of P1, N1, and P2 as well as shorter P2 and P300 latency than the control group; most of the differences emerged at medium or high working memory loads. During the maintenance phase, the exercise group exhibited higher LPC amplitudes, while during the retrieval phase, no difference was found in the P300 amplitudes of the two groups. The present study thus revealed positive effects of resistance exercise on working memory in young adults, especially during the encoding and maintenance phase—promoting the use of attentional resources, the processing of stimulus assessment, retaining function and the speed of stimulus assessment and cognitive processing. The inconsistency of the P300 results with previous research may relate to cognitive task complexity or insufficient exercise dose. Since the cognitive tasks used in the present study were more complex and difficult than in previous studies, this could account for the apparent inconsistency. Future studies are needed to explore the impact of different resistance exercise doses.

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