發展新穎GBP的syndecan-1靶向藥物治療口腔鱗狀細胞癌

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研究生：	盧彥璋 Lu, Yen-Chang
論文名稱：	發展新穎GBP的syndecan-1靶向藥物治療口腔鱗狀細胞癌 Development of novel GBP-based syndecan-1 targeting drug for oral squamous carcinoma
指導教授：	張大慈 Chang, Margaret Dah-Tsyr
口試委員:	林玉俊 Lin, Yu-Chun 王慧菁 Wang, Hui-Ching 陳炯東 Chen, Chiung-Tong 閻紫宸 Yen, Tzu-Chen
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	生命科學暨醫學院 - 分子與細胞生物研究所 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	93
中文關鍵詞：	糖胺多醣結合胜肽、蛋白多糖-膜錨定硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多醣、口腔鱗狀細胞癌
外文關鍵詞：	GBP, HSPG, oral squamous cell carcinoma
相關次數：	點閱：99 下載：0
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本研究主角為具有細胞穿透和上皮腫瘤靶向活性的糖胺多醣結合胜肽（GBP），其為能識別細胞表面帶負電荷的組分、並將各種分子貨物運輸到活細胞中的10個氨基酸組成的短胜肽。 Syndecan 1（SDC1，亦稱CD138）是一種關鍵的蛋白多糖-膜錨定硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多醣（HSPG），主要功能為維持細胞形態和與周圍微環境的相互作用。本研究首先以抗SDC1的抗體辨識，探討SDC1於鱗狀上皮細胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma，SCC)之表現差異，再以化學染劑共價鍵結的GBP: Dye-GBP標靶口腔和肺癌SCC細胞之SDC1。本研究發現Dye-GBP可特異性地造成口腔鱗狀細胞癌和肺鱗狀細胞癌細胞株之細胞毒性，但對於成纖維細胞和其他上皮腺癌細胞則無影響。由於Dye-GBP可藉由細胞表面膜錨定硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白多醣進入細胞，實驗結果發現口腔癌細胞之細胞表面高分子量的糖基化SDC1蛋白表現較其他細胞株高，顯示SDC1糖基化對於Dye-GBP引發的細胞毒性扮演重要角色。接著，本研究建立含有口腔鱗狀細胞癌細胞和成纖維細胞的3D球體模型，發現以Dye-GBP處理亦明顯導致細胞凋亡。同時，免疫螢光染色及免疫組織化學染色實驗發現Dye-GBP訊號與SDC1共定位並可滲入細胞質。此外，觀察口腔鱗狀細胞癌的人組織陣列時，發現癌症後期分泌型SDC1在腫瘤細胞外基質（ECM）聚集較多，表示在腫瘤進展期SDC1可能從細胞膜脫落並在細胞外基質中聚集。本研究結果顯示SDC1在介導Dye-GBP內吞以發揮細胞毒性具關鍵作用，SCC的靶向治療具潛在應用價值，可滿足目前尚缺乏的醫療需求。

A glycosaminoglycan-binding cell penetrating peptide (GBP) with cell penetrating and epithelial tumor targeting activities is a 10-amino acid peptide that recognizes negatively charged components on epithelial cell surface and transports various molecular cargos into living cells. Syndecan 1 (SDC1, also named as CD138) is a key membrane-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) involving maintenance of cell morphology and interaction with surrounding microenvironment. In this study SDC1 alteration in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was initially profiled by anti-SDC1 antibody, followed by chemical conjugated GBP (Dye-GBP). Interestingly, Dye-GBP induced cytotoxicity specifically in OSCC and lung SCC (LSCC) but not fibroblast and other epithelial cancer cell lines. Coordinately, OSCC expressed more membrane-bound high molecular weight SDC1 than LSCC, implying that SDC1 glycosylation played an important role in Dye-GBP-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, a 3D hetero-spheroid model containing OSCC cells and fibroblasts was established and treated with Dye-GBP, apparent apoptosis was also observed. Meanwhile, GBP co-localization with SDC1 and penetration into cytoplasmic compartments of OSCC were detected employing immunofluorescence (IF) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Furthermore, more accumulation of secreted SDC1 in tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) in OSCC human tissue arrays was observed, suggesting that SDC1 might be shed from cell membrane and aggregated in microenvironment during tumor progression. Taken together, these results indicate that SDC1 plays a critical role in mediating GBP endocytosis to exert cytotoxicity, which in turn might fulfill unmet medical need leading to potential application for target therapy of SCC in near future.

Chapter 1  Introduction----1
1-1  Current status of oral and lung squamous cell carcinoma----1
1-2  Cellular phenotype of oral epithelial cells---2
1-3  Roles of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in tumor microenvironment---3
1-4  HSPG as a biomarker---8
1-5  Tetramethylrhodamine-conjugated GAG-binding peptide---11
1-6  Photodynamic therapy---12
1-7  Abnormal expression of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in cancer progression---    13
Chapter 2  Hypothesis and specific aims---16
Aim 1. Investigation of functional roles of SDC1 in oral SCC---17
Aim 2. Characterization of biological functions of TMR-GBP in cancer cells---17
Aim 3. Identification of intracellular targets of GBP---17
Chapter 3  Materials and Methods---18
3-1  Cells and cell culture---18
3-2  In vitro cell viability assay---18
3-3  Western blotting analysis---19
3-4  Hetero-spheroid formation---20
3-5  Immunofluorescence staining assay---20
3-6  Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)- mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)---    21
3-7  Cellular uptake of various peptides on OSCC---21
3-8  Transient transfection---22
3-9  Tissue microarray (TMA) analysis---22
3-10  Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining---23
3-11. Double immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining---25
3-15  Statistical analysis---25
Chapter 4  Results    ---26
4-1  TMR-GBP effects in different cell lines---26
4-2  Cellular uptake of TMR-GBP and derivative peptides in Ca922 and OECM-1 cells    ---27
4-3  SDC1 expression in various cells---28
4-4  Induced cell death of OSCC hetero-spheroid upon treatment with TMR-GBP---29
4-5  GBP co-localization with SDC1 in Ca922 cells---31
4-6  Temperature-dependent endocytosis of FITC-GBP in OSCC---31
4-7  Cytotoxic effects of TMR-GBP in SDC1-overexpressed cell line---32
4-8  Expression pattern of SDC1 and TMR-GBP in human head and neck SCC tissue microarray (TMA)---    32
4-9  Effect of HS on TMR-GBP induced cytotoxicity in OSCC---34
4-10  Alternation of SDC1 from tumor cell to stroma in HNSCC tumor tissues---35
Chapter 5  Discussion---36
5-1  Oral and lung squamous cell carcinoma are more sensitive to TMR-GBP---36
5-2  TMR-GBPW4R is sensitive to OSCC cell lines except Ca922---38
5-3  Correlation between reduction of SDC1 expression in OSCC---39
5-4  TMR-GBP localization in OSCC---41
5-5  Quality control of TMR-GBP is important for efficacy---41
5-6  GBP modification and function---42
Figures---43
Figure 1  Cellular effects of TMR-GBP in SCC---44
Figure 2  Cellular localization of TMR-GBP in OSCC---46
Figure 3  SDC1 expression in oral and lung SCC---47
Figure 4  Apoptotic effects of TMR-GBP in Ca922 heterospheroid---49
Figure 5  Apoptotic effects of TMR-GBP in OECM-1 heterospheroid---52
Figure 6  Colocalization of GBP and SDC1 in Ca922---54
Figure 7  Temperature-dependent endocytosis of GBP in Ca922 cells---56
Figure 8  Temperature-dependent endocytosis of GBP  in OECM-1 cells---58
Figure 9  Cellular effect of TMR-GBP in A549 overexpressed SDC1---59
Figure 10  Expression of SDC1 in head and neck SCC and normal tissues---62
Figure 11  Expression of SDC1 and TMR-GBP  in head and neck SCC and normal tissues---    67
Figure 12  SDC1 and TMR-GBP  signals in head and neck SCC and normal tissues---70
Figure 13  Effection of SDC1 on TMR-GBP toxicity to Ca922 and OECM-1 cells---71
Figure 14  Alteration of SDC1 expression in HNSCC cancer progression    ---72
Figure 15  Correlation between SDC1 and GBP conjugates against SCC---73
Reference---74
Tables---87
Table 1  Sequence and molecular weights of synthetic peptides---87
Table 2  List of peptides and concentration---87
Table 3  List of reagents and antibodies---88
Table 4  Buffer and solution preparation---89
Table 5  List of cell line and cell type---89
Table 6  IC50 of TMR-GBPs in different cancer cell lines---90
Table 7  Correlation between reduction of SDC1 and clinico-pathological parameters---90
Table 8  Summary of GBP modification and function    ---91
Appendix---93
                                

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