大氣懸浮微粒中多環芳香烴化合物分佈特性之研究

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	許鈴艷 Ling-Yen Hsu
論文名稱：	大氣懸浮微粒中多環芳香烴化合物分佈特性之研究 The distribution and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric suspended particulate matter
指導教授：	洪益夫 I-Fu Hung
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	原子科學院 - 生醫工程與環境科學系 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences
論文出版年：	2005
畢業學年度：	93
語文別：	中文
中文關鍵詞：	多環芳香烴化合物、高效能液相層析儀/螢光偵檢器、特徵比
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

多環芳香烴化合物(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)的產生是由於有機物質在不完全燃燒或熱裂解期間所形成。PAHs於環境當中是普遍存在，人們也因此有可能經由各種途徑而暴露於PAHs。已有部分的PAHs被證實具有致癌性，在一些流行病學的研究也證實在PAHs與空氣污染物的共暴露下可能會提高肺癌的罹患率。因此本研究分別就新竹市及桃園縣兩個地區進行空氣採樣，量測大氣總懸浮微粒中PAHs的濃度以期能瞭解此兩地區PAHs的濃度分佈情形，希望以此作為暴露風險評估的參考數據。
本研究所使用的採樣方法為高量採樣法，PAHs樣品前處理是以超音波萃取法進行萃取，再使用高效能液相層析儀/螢光偵檢器進行PAHs樣品定量定性分析。分析的物種為美國環保署公告優先列管之十六種PAHs化合物。
研究結果發現新竹地區平均總懸浮微粒濃度為74.1 μg/m3，桃園地區平均總懸浮微粒濃度為102.5 μg/m3。新竹地區平均總PAHs的濃度為2.1 ng/m3，桃園地區平均總PAHs的濃度為3.6 ng/m3。且此兩地區在冬天時量測到PAHs的濃度明顯較其他季節時的濃度為高。進一步以特徵比值及因素分析方法來判斷新竹和桃園地區PAHs的來源，可知這兩個地區區PAHs主要的來源皆為移動污染源，且新竹地區以汽油引擎的排放為主，桃園地區則為柴油引擎的排放為主。

目錄
摘要.....................................................Ⅰ
目錄.....................................................Ⅱ
表目錄...................................................Ⅳ
圖目錄...................................................Ⅴ
第一章    前言............................................1
第二章    文獻回顧........................................3
2.1 PAHS基本性質.........................................3
2.2 PAHS來源.............................................4
2.3 PAHS毒性效應.........................................5
2.4 PAHS的採樣分析.......................................7
2.4.1 微粒相PAHs之採樣...................................8
2.4.2 蒸氣相PAHs之採樣...................................9
2.4.3 PAHs樣品萃取方法..................................10
2.4.4 PAHs的分析........................................11
第三章    實驗方法.......................................13
3.1 實驗藥品及實驗器材..................................13
3.1.1 實驗藥品..........................................13
3.1.2 實驗器材..........................................14
3.1.3 儀器..............................................14
3.1.4 試藥製備..........................................14
3.2 採樣設計............................................15
3.2.1 採樣位置..........................................15
3.2.2 採樣時間..........................................16
3.2.3 採樣方法..........................................16
3.2.4 PAHs樣品分析......................................21
3.3 QA/QC...............................................22
第四章    結果與討論....................................25
4.1 空氣中總懸浮微粒濃度................................25
4.1.1 新竹地區..........................................25
4.1.2 桃園地區..........................................25
4.2 空氣中PAHS濃度......................................26
4.2.1 總PAHs濃度........................................26
4.2.1.1 新竹地區........................................26
4.2.1.2 桃園地區........................................27
4.2.2 懸浮微粒中PAHs含量................................28
4.2.1.1 新竹地區........................................28
4.2.1.2 桃園地區........................................29
4.2.3 毒性當量濃度......................................30
4.2.4 PAHs季節分佈    ......................................31
4.3 數據分析............................................32
4.3.1 特徵比............................................33
4.3.2 統計方法..........................................33
4.3.2.1 主成分分析......................................33
4.4 與文獻濃度比較......................................34
4.4.1 總懸浮微粒濃度....................................34
4.4.2 總PAHs濃度........................................35
4.4.3 BaP濃度...........................................35
4.5 品質管制(QA/QC).....................................36
4.5.1 標準溶液檢量線....................................36
4.5.2 空白樣品..........................................36
第五章    結論..........................................39
第六章    參考文獻......................................41

表目錄
表2-1   PAHS毒性資料....................................45
表3-1   各採樣點採樣日期................................49
表3-2   HPLC測定PAHS操作條件............................50
表3-3   HPLC測定PAHS之螢光光譜設定條件..................50
表4-1   龍山國小逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度................51
表4-2   新竹市衛生局逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度............52
表4-3   香山衛生所逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度..............53
表4-4   中壢圖書館逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度..............54
表4-5   楊梅圖書館逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度..............55
表4-6   大園工業區逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度..............56
表4-7   桃園農工逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度................57
表4-8   龜山工業區逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度..............58
表4-9   內定國小逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度................59
表4-10  蘆竹衛生所逐月懸浮微粒中PAHS的濃度..............60
表4-11  PAHS化合物毒性當量因子..........................61
表4-12  不同地點特徵比值................................62
表4-13　新竹市PAHS化合物因素分析表......................63
表4-14　桃園縣PAHS化合物因素分析表......................64

圖目錄
圖2-1   USEPA公告優先列管的十六種PAHS...................65
圖3-1   採樣點位置圖....................................66
圖4-1   新竹逐月總懸浮微粒濃度..........................67
圖4-2   桃園地區逐月總懸浮微粒濃度......................67
圖4-3   新竹逐月總PAHS化合物濃度........................68
圖4-4   桃園逐月總PAHS化合物濃度........................68
圖4-5   新竹逐月組成成分................................69
圖4-6   桃園逐月組成成分................................69
圖4-7   新竹逐月總總BaP毒性當量濃度.....................70
圖4-8   桃園逐月總總BaP毒性當量濃度.....................70
圖4-9   各採樣地點的PAHS濃度季節變化....................71
圖4-10  PAHS標準溶液檢量線..............................72
圖4-11  PAHS化合物標準品圖譜............................74

                                

Allen J. O., Dookeran N. M., Smith K. A., Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with a Size-segregated Atmospheric Aerosols in Massachusetts, Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 1023-1031, 1996.
Baek S. O., Goldstone M. E., Kirk P. W., Lester J.N., Perry R., Phase Distribution and Particle Size Dependency of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in The Urban Atmosphere, Chemosphere, 22, 503-520, 1991.
Cadle S. H., Mulawa P. A., Hunsanger E. C., Composition of Light-duty Motor Vehicle Exhaust Particulate Matter in The Denver, Colorado Area, Environmental Science and Technology, 33, 2328-2339, 1999.
Caricchia A. M., Chiavarini S., Pezza M., Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in The Urban Atmospheric Particulate Matter in The City of Naples (Italy), Atmospheric Environment, 33, 3731-3738, 1999.
Chu M., Chen C. Evaluation and Estimation of Potential Carcinogenic Risks of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Paper presented at the symposium on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the workplace. pacific rim risk conference, Honolulu, 1984.
Clement Associates (Clement). Comparative Potency Approach for Estimating The Cancer Risk Associated with Exposure to Mixtures of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Interim Final Report). Prepared for EPA under contract 68-02-4403. ICF-Clement associated, fairfax, VA, 1988.
Fraser M. P., Cass G. R., Simoneit B. R. T., Particulate Organic Compounds Emitted from Motor Vehicle Exhaust and in the Urban Atmosphere, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 2715-2724, 1999.
Georgiadis P., Kyrtopoulos S. A., Molecular Epidemiological Approaches to the Study of the Genotoxic Effects of Urban Air Pollution, Mutation Research, 428, 91-98, 1999.
Guo H., Lee S. C., Ho K. F., Wang X. M., Zou S. C., Particle-associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Air of Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment, 55, 5307-5317, 2003.
Gündel J., Schaller K. H., and Agerer J., Occupational Exposure toPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in A Fireproof Stone Producin-g Plant: Biological Monitoring of 1-hydroxypyrene ,1-,2-,3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene,3-hydroxybenzo(a)anthracene and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, International Arch. Occupation Environmental Healt-h, 73, 270, 2000.
Kassomenos P., Kotroni V., Kallos G., Analysis Climatological and Quality Observation From Greater Athens Area, Atmospheric Environment, 29, 3671-3688, 1995.
Kavouras J. G., Lawrence J., Koutrakis P., Stephanou E. G., Oyola P., Measurement of Particulate Aliphatic and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Santiago Do Chile: Source Reconciliation and Evaluation of Sampling Artifacts, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 4977-4986, 1999.
Khalili N. R., Scheff P. A., Holsen T. M., PAH Source Fingerprints for Coke ovens, Diesel and Gasoline Engines, Highway Tunnels, and Wood Combustion Emissions, Atmospheric Environment, 29 , 533-542, 1995.
Kimmo P., Teri K., Air Sampling and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Journal of Chromatography, 710, 9-18, 1995.
Li C. S., Ro Y. S., Indoor Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In The Urban Atmosphere of Taipei, Atmospheric Environment, 34, 611-620, 2000.
Lin T. C., Chang F. H., Hsieh J. H., Chao H. R., Chao M. R., Characteristics Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Suspended Particulate in Indoor and Outdoor Atmosphere of a Taiwanese Temple, Journal of Hazardous Materials, A95, 1-12, 2002.
Menichine E., Urban Air Pollution by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Leaves and Source of Variability, Science of the Total Environment, 116, 109-135, 1992.
Menzie C. A., Potocki B. P., Santodonato J., Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the Environment, Environmental Science and Technology, 26, 1278-1284, 1992.
Nisbet C., La G.P., Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 16, 290-300, 1992.
Panther B. C., Hooper M. A., Tapper N. J., A Comparison of Air Particulate Matter and Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Tropical and Temperate Urban Environments, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 4087-4099, 1999.
Petry T., Schmid P., Schlatter C., The Use of Toxic Equivalency Factors in Assessing Occupational and Environmental Health Risk Associated with Exposure to Airborne Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Chemosphere, 32, 639-48, 1996.
Qi S., Jun Y., Gan Z., Fu J., Sheng G., Wang Z., Tong S.M., Tang U. W., Yunshun M., Distribution Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aerosols And Dustfall in Macao, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 72, 115-127 , 2001.
Tsai P. J., Shieh H. Y., Lee W. J., Lai S. O., Characteristics of Exposure pro. Les For Workers Exposed to Airborne Dusts and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in The Carbon Black Manufacturing industry, Journal of Occupational Health, 43, 118-128, 2001b.
Van Rooij J. G., Absorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons through Human Skin: Differences Between Anatomical Sites and Individuals, Journal of Toxicology Environmental Health, 38, 355, 1993.
陳佳玫、楊錫賢，「大氣中多環芳香烴化合物特性與來源分析」,朝陽科技大學碩士論文，2003。
張冠甫、盧重興、方國權、白勳綾，「大氣中硝酸氣體採樣誤差及多環芳香族化合物(PAHs)健康風險評估」，國立中興大學環境工程系碩士論文，2004。
賴臆雯、羅俊光，「大氣塵粒中多環芳香烴粒徑分布特性分析」，國立清華原子科學系碩士論文， 2000。
鐘宜夏、林銳敏，「大氣多環芳香烴氣固相分佈研究」，國立高雄第一科技大學環境與衛生安全工程系碩士論文，2003。
陳裕政、蔡朋枝，「航空引擎PAHs及VOC排放特徵與維修及測試期間勞工暴露評估」，國立成功大學環境醫學所碩士論文，2004。
楊易霖、張鎮南、方國權，「台灣台中地區市郊及工業區大氣中多環芳香族碳氫化合物之特性及來源鑑定」，東海大學環境科學所碩士論文，2004。

全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (校內網路)
全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)
全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (國家圖書館：臺灣博碩士論文系統)

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文