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研究生: 張賢廷
Chang, Hsien Ting
論文名稱: 運用慣性測量單元開發多剛體物件於空間中之姿態感測系統
Development of Novel Measurement System for Capturing Orientations of Multi-Rigid-Body through Inertial Measurement Unit
指導教授: 張禎元
Chang, Jen-Yuan(James)
口試委員: 黃智永
Huang, Chih-Yung
曹哲之
Tsao, Che-Chih
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 動力機械工程學系
Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 75
中文關鍵詞: 慣性測量單元姿態感測動作擷取
外文關鍵詞: Inertial measurement unit, posture estimation, motion capture
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  • 隨著科學的進步以及各種日新月異的技術,人們的生活有了高速的發展,然而隨著知識的拓展,在各領域的所需的專業知識越來越多,而且在使用功能越加強大但是其操作難度也越加困難的工具時,或許是受限於數學上的嚴謹抑或是其物理上的限制,人們往往無法相當直觀地去使用這些工具,甚至還需要花上相當長的一對時間去學習。
    因此,人機互動和虛實整合的概念在此便相當地重要,要如何讓人的各種感受以及控制能力透過科技產品得以延伸,又要如何讓這一些科技產物能夠快速、精確地辨別人的各種動作與表現,在最近幾年來變得相當地被重視,為了實現此一概念,其中要如何感測人的姿體動作並明確地辨識其動作意圖,將會在當中扮演著相當重要的環節。
    如何使人與機械之間的互動更為簡單與直觀,便是此研究的核心動機。本研究運用微機電慣性測量單元,建立一動態擷取技術,並開發一套能夠擷取物體於空間中之準確姿態,量測表現與光學式編碼器進行比較後,方均根誤差約1度;標準差為0.75度,根據數據顯示此項技術足以應用許多應用上。期望未來此項技術能結合各領域並運用在不同用途上,能夠完成更多、更加有趣的事情。


    With the progress of science and a variety of ever-changing technology, people's life develop dramatically. However, people need more and more expertise in various fields because of the expansion of knowledge. When using powerful but complex tools, people often can not quite intuitive to use these tools , and even takes on quite a long time to learn. It is probably because people require more expertise to use it.
    Thus, human-computer interaction and the concept of the Cyber-Physical System will be quite important. How to extend people’s feeling and control ability and how to develop technologies to identify people’s motion become more and more important in recent years. In order to answer these questions, sensing people’s postures will play an important role.
    How to make the interaction between people and machine more simple and intuitive is the motivation of this research. This research uses MEMS type inertial measurement units and comes up the algorithm to estimate the orientation multi-rigid-body. The performance shows that the root-mean-square error is 1 degree and the standard deviation is 0.75 degrees compared with the optical encoder. This data shows that this research is enough to be applied to various applications.

    摘要Ⅰ Abstract Ⅱ 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 X 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 歷史背景與發展 3 1.3 文獻回顧 8 1.4 動態擷取技術之分類 11 1.4.1 光學式 11 1.4.2 深度影像式 12 1.4.3 慣性式 13 1.4.4 機電式 15 1.4.5 磁力式 16 1.4.6 聲學式 16 1.4.7 光纖式 17 1.5 研究動機與目標 17 1.5.1 研究動機 17 1.5.2 研究目標 18 1.6 研究方法 19 第二章 理論背景 20 2.1 前言 20 2.2 座標轉換理論 20 2.2.1 方向餘弦矩陣(Direction Cosine Matrix, DCM) 25 2.2.2 歐拉角(Euler angles)與泰特-布萊恩角(Tait–Bryan angles) 28 2.2.3 四元數(Quaternion) 31 第三章 演算法架構建立 38 3.1 慣性導航系統(Inertial Navigation System, INS) 38 3.1.1 加速規 38 3.1.2 磁力計 40 3.1.3 陀螺儀 43 3.2 感測器融合演算法 52 第四章 實驗建構與驗證 57 4.1 前言 57 4.2 軟、硬體介紹與詳細規格 57 4.3 量測系統之運行流程 63 4.4 慣性式量測系統感測物件在空間中之相對姿態情形 65 4.5 結語 68 第五章 結論與未來展望 69 5.1 總結 69 5.2 本文貢獻 69 5.3 未來展望 70 參考文獻 71

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