本文目的在於應用人因工程技術改善油墨工廠之工作場所。國內外勞工因為工作所引起的職業性肌肉骨骼傷害問題日益趨於嚴重。肌肉骨骼傷害案件佔所有職業傷害的比例，我國與歐美日各國平均都在30％以上，肌肉骨骼傷害不僅會危害勞工的身體健康，降低生產力，進而也會影響到產業整體的競爭力。造成肌肉骨骼傷害的五大成因為不良的姿勢、過度施力、高重覆動作、衝擊震動、高低溫。這五項成因之中，「不良姿勢」會與其他四項成因產生加乘作用，使得肌肉骨骼的負荷急遽升高，所以「不良姿勢」是造成肌肉骨骼傷害的催化元兇。因此要降低肌肉骨骼的傷害，首先要改善工作姿勢：根據人因工程的概念，以機能工作姿勢的觀點，讓勞工採行比較「自然」而且「省力」的工作姿勢。
本研究應用人因工程技術，針對國內一家油墨工廠中的色相比對、1公斤油墨裝罐、油墨上料、16公斤油墨裝罐、松香水裝罐等五項作業進行改善。改善流程是先透過現場訪視來了解作業現況與流程，接著由作業找出造成肌肉骨骼傷害成因的線索，再使用OWAS工作姿勢分析方法來加以證實，再以機能工作姿勢的觀點進行改善，最後同樣以OWAS工作姿勢分析方法對改善方案進行效益評估，看肌肉骨骼傷害是否真的有降低或消除。評估結果顯示，這五項作業經由人因工程技術改善之後，人員在工作姿勢與作業環境原本存在的危害成因，均有顯著的降低與消除，將肌肉骨骼傷害大幅降低。

關鍵字：機能工作姿勢、肌肉骨骼傷害、人因工程技術、OWAS

The object of this study is to use ergonomics technique to improve the workplace design of an ink factory. Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is becoming increasingly serious in industrial countries as well as in Taiwan. The proportion of WMSD cases among all occupational injury is generally above 30%. WMSD affects not only worker’s health, but also lowers productivity and reduce the competitiveness of a country. It is generally agreed that the major causes of WMSD are poor posture, over-exertion, high-repetitiveness, shock and vibration, high and low temperature. Among these five causes, bad posture will interact and significantly elevate the musculoskeletal stress due to others causes, such as over-exertion. It is regarded as the root cause among them. To reduce WMSD, poor posture should be improved in the first place. Ergonomics principle suggests that functional working posture should be adopted during work, for it is the most nature and energy-saving posture under the requirement of task performance.
In this study, ergonomics technique is used to improve five workplaces in an ink factory. These five workplaces are color comparison, 1 kg-ink-can packaging, ink feeding, 16 kg-ink-can packaging, thinner can packaging operations. The process of improvement begin with on-site observation of current work situation and task process, followed by identification the causes of WMSD with OWAS checklist, then improve workplace design based on functional posture, finally evaluate the effectiveness of improvement also with the same OWAS checklist. The results of evaluation show that musculoskeletal stress has been substantially lowered after improvement, and WMSD can be reduced. This study has demonstrated a simple and effective method on prevention of WMSD, it can be promoted.

Keywords：Functional working posture, Work-Related Musculoskeletal disorders,
Ergonomic technique, OWAS

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