本文描述在現代性下的地方認同在經歷環境的的巨變後呈現了多元與流動的特性，在這巨變中的人們逐漸積累的生存焦慮在互動的日常生活中產生了微妙的變化。藉著競爭，人們運用著外來的素材和壓力激發下的創造力，使得焦慮轉化而為形構地方認同的新動力，而此動力同時也推動著物質環境的變化。本研究以墾丁社區為研究對象，第一章主要釐清問題意識、文獻的回顧、田野地的基本描述、研究方法和內文材料鋪陳的邏輯等；在第二章中透過描述一宗教事件的發生，呈現出在傳統宗教物的遺留下所表現出地方認同多重和流動的特質；而在第三章中則著重在於現實政治經濟環境下之生存焦慮的層層積累，以及他們對此的抗爭和漠視回應；在第四章回到人們的生活主軸—觀光產業，詮釋墾丁人在壓力下對生存競爭的奮力掙扎、由此激發出的創意風格和無限的可能性，以及轉換後的焦慮在此氛圍下形成的地方認同；最後一章筆者總結在墾丁人的例子中所觀察到現代性地方認同的特質與其變化的動力和方向。
本文試圖以一新民族誌之形式，詮釋墾丁人在面對現代性高度不穩定和快速變動的焦慮下，他們如何以創造性回應之，並展演出個人性在集體中之多重認同。墾丁人的地方認同在以地方為中心相對穩定的前提下，在生活的不同面向上，堅韌而充滿活力的持續成長。

The research is to explore the multiple and mobile characteristics of local identity in the modern Kenting after the radical change of the environment. Moreover, the existential anxiety accumulated little by little in everyday life has brought about delicate change. With competition, the Kenting people perform the innovation inspired by external materials and pressure to transform the anxiety into a new power that constitute Kenting’s local identity. And in the meantime the power also makes material environment moving.
In sum, this research takes Kenting community as the object of study. In the second chapter, the author tries to represent the multiple and mobile characteristics of local identity with description of collective and individual religious events. Furthermore, the third chapter centers on the accumulating existential anxiety under the dominant reality of Kenting national park and powerful syndicates, and the resistance against the subaltern and indifferent response toward the circumstances. The fourth chapter eventually comes back to the Kenting people’s life—tourism industry. The author emphasizes their against competitive anxiety which encourages innovative styles and infinite possibility, and the transformed anxiety ultimately forms local identity of Kenting people. In the last chapter, the author sums up the properties of local identity of the modernity discovered in Kenting community and the force that drives it vary. The author represents what she observed with interpretive style and comes out to be a new ethnography of the Kenting identity in the modern.

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