本項研究主要為發展染料敏化太陽能電池用的二氧化鈦電極結構中添加入金屬奈米粒子或線以改善太陽電池效能。我們用Polyol Process製備出高產率的銀奈米線，並可以銀奈米線為模板進一步藉由Au+離子取代銀原子而形成中空結構的金奈米管，以及以金離子還原方法成長金粒子。以及利用sol-gel法製作出包覆二氧化鈦顆粒的銀奈米線。經由SEM，TEM可以觀察所製成的金屬奈米粒子及線的形貌及大小。同時也用XRD量測所製成的二氧化鈦的晶相。我們利用所成長的金屬奈米粒子及線應用在染料敏化太陽能電池，研究加入金屬奈米粒子及線與商用二氧化鈦奈米顆粒(P-25)混合電極對染料敏化太陽電池效能的影響。研究結果顯示不論是添加銀奈米線、銀奈米線/二氧化鈦、金奈米顆粒、金奈米管至二氧化鈦電極中，都明顯看到隨著金屬材料添加量增加，太陽能電池的短路電流密度和效率皆有提升的趨勢，其中以添加1 wt%金奈米管的染料敏化電池效果最好，其短路電流密度由9.49 mA/cm2增加至11.77 mA/cm2，太陽能電池效率亦從3.68 %提升至4.27 %。顯示添加金屬奈米粒子或線皆可提升染料敏化電池的電子傳導及提升整體的效能。

One way of improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is to add small amounts of metallic nanoparticles or nanowires in the electrode to improve the electron transport efficiency. We used the Polyol process to grow silver nanowires and also to synthesize gold nanotubes using the silver nanowires as the templates. TiO2 nanoparticles were coated on the surface of nanowires by sol-gel method. XRD, as well as SEM and TEM were used to characterize the synthesized composite nanostructures. Instead of forming a thin titanium dioxide film, it was found that titanium dioxide nanoparticles were formed on the surface of the silver nanowires. This is advantageous since the total surface area would become much larger as compared with the coating of a smooth thin titanium dioxide film on the silver nanowires. DSSC were fabricated with the addition of silver nanowires, silver nanowires coated with TiO2 nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and gold nanowires mixed with the commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. The open circuit current was improved for all the cases of adding the metallic nanomaterials. The largest improvement was achieved by adding 1 wt% (relative to P25 TiO2 nanoparticles, the highest weight percent case) gold nanotubes. The open circuit current was increased from 9.49 mA/cm2 to 1.77 mA/cm2 and efficiency was increased from 3.68% to 4.27%.

Keywords: nanoparticles, nanowires, dye-sensitized solar cell

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