核一廠火場濃煙及滅火氣體擴散行為研究｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	張候泰
論文名稱：	核一廠火場濃煙及滅火氣體擴散行為研究 Movement Behavior Study on Fire Smoke and Gaseous Suppressant at Chinshan NPP
指導教授：	馮玉明
口試委員:	白寶實王郁文
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	原子科學院 - 工程與系統科學系 Department of Engineering and System Science
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	188
中文關鍵詞：	核能電廠火災、二氧化碳滅火設備、控制室適居性
外文關鍵詞：	fire accidents at nuclear power plants, 、carbon dioxide fire suppression system, habitability of control room
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核三廠一號機曾發生3A火災事故，此次火災順利被廠房內自動氣體滅火(二氧化碳)設備所撲滅，但火災產生的濃煙與二氧化碳滅火藥劑於廠房內擴散、流竄對機組及人員安全造成危害，使火災現場狀況不易掌握且增加事故後回復供電的困難。此事故雖然發生在核三廠，但國內其他核能電廠亦不排除有發生的可能性，有鑑於此，對核一廠進行火災事故模擬分析，以確保火災事故發生自動氣體滅火設備做動的情況下機組及人員安全。
本研究利用NIST開發的場模式軟體FDS，建立核一廠3D實體模型以及各項通風系統。利用所建立的三維暫態模型研究火災情境時所產生的濃煙、有毒氣體與滅火氣體(二氧化碳)於核一廠的聯合廠房與反應器廠房內流動、擴散的現象，所模擬的火災情境是以最保守的條件設定某些假設以及初始條件，並且參考國外的火災危害影響因素定出各項安全標準，並以這些標準判定各個防火區劃是否仍處於安全條件下。
本研究針對不同的防火區劃發生火災情境對於其他防火區劃及控制室人員所造成的衝擊進行評估。由於火災發生時將產生高壓、高溫狀態；自動氣體滅火系統啟動後放射高濃度CO2也成為人員危害因子之一。本研究將探討此兩項因素相互影響下，將對火場濃煙、滅火氣體的擴散及危害指標多大的影響。本論文目前只有防火區劃5和防火區劃7的結果，就以這兩個防火區劃模擬的結果來看，有以下結果：(1)安全區域會隨火災事件位置不同而不同。(2)濃煙的擴散速度會因為是否放射二氧化碳而不同。(3)控制室在模擬結束時處於危險區域(在防火區劃7發生火災情況)。

Maanshan NPP unit 1 happened a 3A fire accident the fire was successfully extinguished by the carbon dioxide fire suppression system in control building .However, fire’s smoke and carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents were flow and diffusion in control building caused equipment damage and personnel safety problems and made it hard to control the fire situations and increase the difficulties of supply power after fire accidents. Although this accident occurred in the Maanshan nuclear plant, but other nuclear power plants in Taiwan do not rule out the likelihood accidents. It’s important to ensure that the similar fire accidents happen at Chinshan nuclear power plant would not cause equipment damage and personnel safety problems.
In this study, a 3D transient model is established for simulation of the diffusion path of smoke and gaseous suppressant (CO2) in the Chinshan NPP’s combination building when fire disaster is occurred. The simulation tool is FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) developed by NIST. The 3D transient model contains large objects and HVAC systems in the combination building. The analysis chooses the conservative conditions as some assumptions and initial conditions of the simulation. The study modifies the SFPE (Society of Fire Protection Engineers) safety standards to decide the fire zones are safety for human or not.
Each fire zone could be analyzed by two situations under the different scenarios, the result of each situation affect the other regions fire zones and operators in control room. Fire will produce high temperature and high pressure and the automatic fire extinguishing system activated would injected high concentration CO2 are danger factors. In this study discuss the two factors how to affect the movement of smoke particles and carbon dioxide and the change of the safe indicators, each factor will cause different impact of control room. This paper only contains the consequences of fire zone 5 and fire zone 7, the results from the consequences are (1) the safe regions are varied with the location of events, (2) the diffusion velocity of smoke will be different due to CO2 injected, (3) the control room is danger region at the end of simulation (under the accidents happen at fire zone 7 situation).

目錄
摘要 ................................................................................................................ i
Abstract ......................................................................................................... iii
致謝 ............................................................................................................... v
目錄 .............................................................................................................. vi
表目錄 ...........................................................................................................ix
圖目錄 ........................................................................................................... x
第一章緒論 .................................................................................................... 1
1前言 .................................................. 1
2 研究動機 .............................................. 2
3 研究目的 .............................................. 6
4 相關文獻收集與安全標準 ................................ 7
4.1 滅火機制及效能 .................................................................... 7
4.2 對人體的危害濃度 ................................................................ 8
4.3 火場濃煙 ............................................................................. 10
第二章 理論與數值模式介紹 ...................................................................... 16
1 FDS簡介 ............................................. 16
1.1 前言 ..................................................................................... 16
1.2 FDS的優缺點 ....................................................................... 16
2 流體力學模式 ......................................... 17
3 燃燒模式 ............................................. 18
第三章 核一廠聯合廠房各防火區劃模式建立與條件設定 ........................ 20
1 HVAC通風系統正常及火災時運作介紹 ..................... 20
2 模擬案例事件描述 ..................................... 22
2.1 模擬情境分類 ...................................................................... 22
2.2 模擬情境各項假設 .............................................................. 23
2.3 初始條件與邊界條件設定 ................................................... 25
3 FDS模型 ............................................. 27
第四章 模擬結果....................................................................................... 41
1 防火區劃5K內各項危害指標探討 ........................ 41
2 防火區劃5K模擬結果 .................................. 45
2.1 濃煙擴散比較 ...................................................................... 46
2.2 二氧化碳擴散比較 .............................................................. 49
2.3一氧化碳擴散比較 ............................................................... 52
2.4 氧氣濃度比較 ...................................................................... 55
2.5 溫度比較 ............................................................................. 58
2.6 能見度比較 .......................................................................... 61
2.7 控制室影響比較 .................................................................. 64
2.8 聯合廠房與反應器廠房安全燈號 ........................................ 64
3 防火區劃7A內各項危害指標變化探討 .................... 71
4 防火區劃7模擬結果 ................................... 75
4.1 濃煙擴散比較 ...................................................................... 76
4.2 二氧化碳擴散比較 .............................................................. 79
4.3一氧化碳擴散比較 ............................................................... 82
4.4 氧氣濃度比較 ...................................................................... 85
4.5 溫度比較 ............................................................................. 88
4.6 能見度比較 .......................................................................... 91
4.7 控制室影響比較 .................................................................. 94
4.8 控制廠房安全燈號 .............................................................. 94
第五章 模擬結論與未來工作 .................................................................. 101
1 模擬結論 ............................................ 101
2 未來工作 ............................................ 102
附錄 ........................................................................................................... 104
                                

1. Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5) Technical Reference Guide
2. Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5) User’s Guide
3. Nureg-1758”Evaluation of Fire Models for Nuclear Power Plant Applications: Cable Tray Fires”
4. The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering 2nd edition, NFPA(1995)
5. NFPA 805, 3.10 Gaseous Fire Suppression Systems, “ Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants”, 2001 Edition.
6. NFPA 12, “Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems”, 2008.
7. Smoke Movement and Control in Hight-rise Buildings, George T. Tamura, P.E, National Fire Protection Association Quincy, Massachusetts.
8. Appendix A “Death and Injury Incidence Report”, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and Radiation Stratospheric Protection Division., “Carbon Dioxide as a Fire Suppressant: Examining the Risks,” February 2000.
9. 核三廠火場濃煙及滅火氣體擴散行為研究
10. Investigating the burning characteristics of electric cables used in the nuclear power plant by way of 3-D transient FDS code Y.M. Ferng, C.H. Liu
11. Thermal Spray 2004: Advances in Technology and Application

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