研究生: |
游玉芬 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
台中市國民小學身心障礙資源班實施現況之研究 |
指導教授: | 顏國樑 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
|
論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 95 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 198 |
中文關鍵詞: | 台中市 、身心障礙資源班 、資源班教師 |
外文關鍵詞: | Taichung City, Resource Room for the Disabled, Resource Room Teacher |
相關次數: | 點閱:1 下載:0 |
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本研究旨在瞭解現階段台中市國民小學身心障礙資源班實施的情形,探討國民小學資源班教師專業背景、行政運作、經費運用、支援服務、服務對象、個別化教育計畫教學及教材編選、實施成效及困難。
為達上述目的,本研究先進行文獻蒐集整理與分析,建構本研究架構,據此編製「台中市國民小學身心障礙資源班實施現況調查問卷」為研究工具,以台中市公私立國民小學成立資源班的輔導主任、特教(資料)組長及資源班教師為研究對象,用普查方式,共148人為調查對象,回收有效問卷140份,可用率為94.59﹪,另外,立意抽取8位教師進行訪談研究。訪談資料謄寫成逐字稿,將訪談的結果,配合相關文獻與問卷調查結果,作交互分析討論。根據資料分析結果,本研究主要獲致以下結論:
壹、教師專業背景的瞭解
一、整體資源班教師背景而言,以女性教師41-50歲居多,而學校規模以37-60班最多。
二、教師的教學經歷,行政人員具特教教學經歷僅佔少數,資源班老師超過一半曾擔任普通班或啟智班老師。
三、資源班教師之特教最高學歷,行政人員的特教學歷僅受特教三學分之基礎訓練或無特教專業訓練居多,資源班老師多為特教學分班或師資班畢業。
四、修習資源教室方案經營、教學課程情形,行政人員有過半的老師未修習,資源班教師大多數已修習完畢。
五、參與特殊教育心理評量與測驗小組情形,行政人員大多數未擔任,過半的資源班教師擔任此項工作,以31-40歲居多。
貳、資源班之行政運作、經費運用、學校行政支援情形
一、大多數的學校能依規定召開特殊教育推行委員會會議,其任務以特殊學生安置建議問題最多。
二、大多數的學校已訂定資源班年度工作計畫,並確實執行工作實施計畫、逐年進行檢討。
三、絕大多數認為經費運用確實專款專用,過半數老師認為經費充足,但部分設備老舊學校希望編列經費改善教學設備。
四、絕大多數行政人員與資源班教師對於彼此間溝通協調與請假代課安排,有高度的滿意度,其代課安排方式,以「校內實習老師代課」最多。
參、資源班服務對象與入班上課情形
一、資源班人數以11-20人最多,部分的學校有26位以上的學生。每週上課4-6 節,課程安排方式以抽離式、外加式兩者併用最多。
二、學生入班條件為鑑輔會鑑定通過、領有身心障礙手冊者,肯定鑑輔會的鑑定制度,有實質的功能存在。
三、服務對象以「學習障礙」類最多,情緒障礙與自閉症是老師教學較無法掌握的類別。
肆、個別化教育計畫實施、教學及教材編選
一、IEP會議,以家長與資源班老師參與最多,專家學者參與最少,希望校長能多參與資源班會議並給予鼓勵。
二、接受IEP訓練管道,以市府辦理特教研習、參考相關書籍或刊物方式最多,其困難,為理論與實務無法配合。
三、課程大多數為國語、數學,其次分別為社交技巧、人際關係,依據教師自編學科測驗成績進行打破年級依能力分組法。
四、教材主要來源為普通班教材改編,自編的教材大多為講義、學習單,目前缺乏情緒管理的教材,學生個別差異太大造成編選教材費時的困擾。
伍、資源班實施之成效與困境
一、特殊教育推行委員會能積極推動特殊教育活動,不管對普通班老師、家長、學生其實施成效有九成以上的滿意度。
二、有八成九認為資源班特色是普通班教師能相互配合,而工作重點以編輯教材、教學。
三、過半認為需要加強特殊兒童教育診斷的特教知能、辦理學生行為輔導的研習,而這些研習應該是長期性、計畫性且分障礙類別的研習。
四、經營困難在行政上的是找不到特教專業的代課老師,教學上是學生不同類別混合安置,影響教學成效,編選教材上學生障礙類別太多,造成編選IEP費時工作量大
This study intends to know the practical situation of resource rooms for the disabled in elementary schools in Taichung City at present, to probe into these teachers’ professional backgrounds to resource rooms in elementary schools, as well as administrative operation, budget application, supportive service, service target, individualized Education Program & teachings, teaching material compilation, implementation result and difficulty.
In order to meet the foregoing purpose, firstly, this study has gathered literature for arrangement and analysis to form the structure of this study, and drew up a “Questionnaire for the Practical Situation of Resource Rooms for the Disabled in Elementary Schools in Taichung City” as the research tool accordingly. The research targets are the Student Counseling Directors, Special Education (Data) Team-chiefs and Resource Room Teachers in those Taichung municipal or private elementary schools that have formed resource rooms. By means of census, 148 persons in total were investigated targets; 140 questionnaires were returned and effective; the percentage for usability is 94.59%. Besides, by purposive sampling, 8 teachers were interviewed for research; their interview data were written into verbatim transcriptions. The interview results were combined with related literature and questionnaire results for transactional analysis and discussions. According to the result from data analysis, the following conclusion has been made by this study:
I. Understanding to teacher’s professional background
1. As for the whole teachers’ background in resource rooms, female teachers of 41-50 in their age account for majority; as for school scale, most schools have 37-60 classes.
2. As for teachers’ teaching experience, administrative personnel who have teaching experience on special education only account for minority; more than half of resource room teachers had been teachers in general classes or mental retardation classes.
3. As for resource room teachers’ highest education related to special education, many administrative personnel have merely acquired three credits on basic educational trainings related to special education, or even acquired none professional trainings on special education; whereas, most of resource room teachers graduated from credit classes or pedagogics programs related to special education
4. As for the studying situation of teaching courses and project management on resource room, more than half of administrative personnel did not take the studying, while most of resource room teachers had finished the studying.
5. As for the situation of participating in teams of psychological assessments and tests related to special education, most of administrative personnel did not join in; however, more than half of resource room teachers have taken these tasks, mostly 31-40 in their age.
II. The situation of administrative operation, budget operation in resource room, and the administrative support from school
1. Most schools can abide by the rule to convene meetings on Committee of Special Education Promoting; such meetings’ purposes are mostly the recommendations for how to arrange special students.
2. Most schools have drawn up annual work-plan on resource room, and they actually perform work-implementation plan, conducting reviews every year.
3. Most people considered that budget operation is used in the way of “specific fund works for specific purpose”; more than half of the teachers thought that the budget is adequate; however, some schools that have poor equipments hope that the budget can be arranged for them to improve their teaching equipments.
4. As for the mutual communication and coordination, arrangements on ask-for-leave and substitute-class, most administrative personnel and resource room teachers have high degree of satisfaction. As for the arrangement ways for substitute-class, most substitute teachers are “intern teachers in schools”.
III. The service targets in resource room and the situation of joining in and attendance
1. The number of persons in each resource room is mostly 11-20, but some schools have more than 26 persons in each room. The class-hour ranges from 4 to 6 hours per week. As for course arrangement, most classes adopt both extracting method and adding method.
2. Student qualification is appraised and determined by “Committee Responsible for Identification and Placement of Gifted/Disabled Students” and hence acquire Handbook for Disability. The appraisal system made by “Committee Responsible for Identification and Placement of Gifted/Disabled Students” functions very well and is highly acclaimed.
3. The service targets mostly are “Learning Disabled”, while teacher’s teachings grasp Emotional Disturbance and Autism less.
IV. Implementation , teaching and material compilation for Individualized Education Program
1. Parents and Resource Room Teachers participate in IEP meetings mostly, whereas experts and scholars join in IEP meetings less. It is hoped that school president can join in resource room meetings and give encouragement.
2. Most of training channels for receiving IEP are research and study on special education conducted by municipal government, or referring to related literature or publications. The difficulty is that theory can not be harmony with practice.
3. Most of courses are Chinese and Math; social technique and interpersonal relationship are secondly. Courses are compiled and conducted by teachers according to academic test score, breaking the grouping method which is based on students’ ability and their grades.
4. Teaching materials are mainly adapted from general classes’ materials. The self-compiled materials are mostly handouts and learning manuals. At present, teachers are short of materials concerning to emotion management. Every student has great individual difference, which results in torment of time-consuming when compiling and selecting materials.
V. Outcomes and dilemma for resource room implementation
1. Committee of Special Education Promoting has the ability to actively promote activities for special education, and its implementing results exert above 90% satisfaction on general class teachers, parents and students.
2. Of the interviewees, 89% of them thought that the feature of resource room is that it can be cooperative with general class teachers, while the work point lies in compiling materials and teaching.
3. More than half of the interviewees thought that it is necessary to enhance the special educational intellectual to diagnose children’s special education, and to conduct research and study on counseling student behavior; such research and study should be long term, planed, and be categorized into types of disability.
4. As for operational difficulty, in administration, substitute teachers who have profession on special education are hardly to be found; in teaching, a mixed arrangement for different types of students will effect teaching result; in compiling materials, there are too many types of students’ disability, resulting in time-consuming and tremendous workload when compiling IEP.
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