十七世紀尼德蘭畫家林布蘭特是歷史上卓越的藝術家，一生的作品非常多，肖像畫、風俗畫、歷史畫造詣都十分精湛，而其中又以肖像畫的數量最高故研究者眾多，然而，過去中文世界中卻鮮少有學者研究林布蘭特的風景畫；在國外學者的研究中，對林布蘭特之風景畫也存在不同的見解，因此本研究探討林布蘭特首幅獨立之風景畫—《石橋》（Landscape with a Stone Bridge）中的寓意與宗教意涵。本研究先以林布蘭特所處之尼德蘭黃金時代歷史背景為出發點，探討宗教改革之後藝術家身為新教徒以聖經為依歸的創作動機，以及對應到林布蘭特風景畫之四個時期，接著提出荷蘭當時圍海成地所造成的土地景觀改變，以及當時藝術市場需求增加，種種因素使尼德蘭寫實風景畫興盛，最後回顧過去尼德蘭風景畫慣例與圖像學理論分析《石橋》，並提出結論認為本畫可視為林布蘭特蘊含聖經中人與自然之關係的偉大作品。

Rembrandt van Rijn (1606－1669) is one of the most celebrated artists in Dutch art history. He had produced numerous types of paintings, including portraits, genre paintings, history paintings, and landscape paintings. Among the above, landscape paintings were rarely studied in Chinese scholarship. This thesis therefore focuses on Rembrandt’s first independent landscape painting, Landscape with a Stone Bridge, and investigates its allegorical and religious meanings. This thesis first introduces the Dutch historical background (mainly the rise of Protestantism) in relation to the development of Rembrandt’s art. Then, the thesis discusses that the changes in landscape brought by polder technology and the increasing demand in the art market, among many factors, gave rise to Netherlandish landscape paintings as a new genre. Thirdly, the thesis draws on the iconological convention of Dutch landscape imageries of the time and analyzes the allegorical motifs of Landscape with a Stone Bridge. This thesis concludes that the painting can be viewed as Rembrandt's masterful way of conveying his Bible belief by providing pictorial metaphors for the relationship between man and nature.

文獻史料
Huygens, Constantijn. “On Rembrandt and Jan Lievens c.1630” in Harrison, Charles, et al. Art in Theory 1648-1815: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 2000, pp.247-249.
de Wit, Frederik. Kaart van de Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden Foederatae Belgicae Tabula (Map of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands Chart of the Belgian States), 1665. Rijksmuseum.
van Rijn, Rembrandt. “Letters to Constantijn Huygens 1636-9” in Harrison, Charles, et al. Art in Theory 1648-1815: An Anthology of Changing Ideas. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 2000, pp.249-253.
Smith, John. A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters.Vol.7. Rembrandt van Rhyn. London, 1836.

後世著作
中文
大國崛起系列叢書編輯出版委員會，《大國崛起 : 荷蘭 》，臺北市：青林國際，2007。
史作檉，《倫勃朗藝術的美學内涵》，北京市：北京大學出版社，2005。
花亦芬，《林布蘭特與聖經：荷蘭黃金時代藝術與宗教的對話》，台北市：三民，2008。
李建，<倫勃朗自畫像藝術探究>，《湖北科技學院學報 》第8期（2014），頁155-156。
杜威﹒佛克馬(Douwe Fokkema)，弗朗斯﹒格里曾豪特(Frans Grijzenhout) 著，王浩，張曉紅，謝永祥 譯《歐洲視野中的荷蘭文化: 1650-2000年闡釋歷史 》，桂林市：廣西師範大學，2007。
金淑芳，<倫勃朗的藝術與人生>，《藝術評論》(北京市）第9期（2010），頁77。
約翰﹒伯格（John Berger） 著，吳莉君 譯，《觀看的方式》，台北市：麥田出版社，2005。
修﹒昂納 (Hugh Honour)，約翰﹒弗萊明 (John Fleming) 著，范迪安 譯，《西方藝術史，北京 : 國際文化，1989。
馮雲，<倫勃朗肖像油畫中的情感表達>，碩士論文，南京藝術學院，2013。
陳明月，<17世紀荷蘭室內繪畫>，《世界美術》第 1 期（2007），頁82-85。
孫錫祝，<倫勃朗油畫筆觸研究>，碩士論文，山東藝術學院，2011。
黃芳梅，<以聖經觀點探究林布蘭特的宗教繪畫>，碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學美術學系，2005。
張志明，<西方繪畫歷程中的三位大師——倫勃朗、塞尚、佛洛伊德>，碩士論文，中央美術學院，2009。
張佳瑋，《倫勃朗1642》，江蘇：譯林出版社，2016。
盛梅冰，<倫勃朗的色彩意識及空間觀念>，《新美術》第3期（2010），頁41。
潘妍宏，<淺談倫勃朗自畫像的藝術特質>，《 美與時代 (下)》第12期（2010），頁55-57。
邁克爾﹒諾斯(Michael North) 著，朱平 譯《荷蘭黃金時代的藝術與商業》，杭州市：浙江大學出版社，2019。
譚群，《倫勃朗宗教畫中「光」的象徵意義》，碩士論文，北京服裝學院，2017。
外文
Alpers, Svetlana. The Art of Describing, Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Bakker, Boudewijn. Landscape and Religion from Van Eyck to Rembrandt. translated by Diane Webb, Burlington: Ashgate, 2012.
Barber, John. The Road from Eden: Studies in Christianity and Culture, Cambridge: Academic Press, 2008.
Bikker, Jothathan. Rembrandt: Biography of a Rebel. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2019.
Bredius, Abraham. The Paintings of Rembrandt. Vienna: The Phaidon Press, 1936.
Bruyn, Josua. Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings III. The Hague: Foundation Rembrandt Research Project, 1982.
Bruyn, Josua. “Towards a Scriptural Reading of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Landscape Painting,” in Sutton, Peter C., et al. Masters of 17th-Century Dutch Landscape Painting. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1987, pp.84-103.
Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John McNeill, trans. Ford Lewis Battles. London: Westminster John Knox Press, 1960.
de Groot, Hofstede. A Catalogue Raisonne of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century. Vol.6. Rembrandt and Nicolas Maes. Translated by E.G. Hawke. London, 1916.
de Vries, Jan. “The Dutch Rural Economy and the Landscape,” in Christopher Brown et al., Dutch Landscape, the Early Years: Haarlem and Amsterdam, 1590-1650. London: National Gallery, 1986, pp.79-87.
Di Palma, Vittoria. “Is landscape painting?” in Doherty, Gareth, and Waldheim, Charles Editor. Is Landscape ...?: Essays on the Identity of Landscape. New York: Routledge, 2015, pp.44-70.
Frits, Lust. Wandelingen met Rembrandt in en om Amsterdam. Amsterdam: P.N. Van Kampen, 1915.
Fuchs, R. H. Dutch Painting. London: Thames and Hudson, 1978.
Gibson, Walter S. “The Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch: The Iconography of the Central Panel,” Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek (NKJ) / Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art, vol. 24, 1973, pp. 1-26.
Gibson, Walter S. Pleasant Places: The Rustic Landscape from Bruegel to Ruisdael. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
Gombrich, Ernst H. The Story of Art. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1990.
Israel, Jonathan. The Dutch Republic: its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
Klaver, Irene J. “Dutch Landscape Painting: Documenting Globalization and Environmental Imagination,” in Proceedings from the Document Academy: Vol. 1 (2004): Iss. 1, Article 12.
Kuretsky, Susan Donahue. “Worldly Creation in Rembrandt's Landscape with Three Trees,” Artibus et Historiae 15, no. 30, 12, 1994, pp.157-191.
Montias, John Michael. “Works of art in seventeenth-century Amsterdam: An analysis of subjects and attributions.” in David Freedberg, Jan de Vries. Art in history, history in art: studies in seventeenth-century Dutch culture. Santa Monica: Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities, 1991.
Panofsky, Erwin. Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance. New York: Harper and Row, 1972.
Schama, Simon. Rembrandt's Eyes. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.
Schneider, Cynthia P. Rembrandt's Landscapes. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.
Schwartz, Gary. Rembrandt's Universe: His Art, His Life, His World. London: Thames & Hudson, 2006.
Treier, Daniel J., Husbands, Mark, and Lundin, Roger. The Beauty of God: Theology and the Arts. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2007.
Tümpel, Christian. Rembrandt: mit Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten / dargest. von Christian Tümpel. Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1989.
Vergara, Alejandro, Vermeer and the Dutch Interior. Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2003.
Walford, E. John. Jacob van Ruisdael and the perception of landscape. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.
Weber, Gregor J. M., et al. 1600-1700: Dutch Golden Age. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2018.

網路資源
尼德蘭政府官網:<https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2019/11/08/new-international-logo-nl-with-stylised-orange-tulip>
尼德蘭阿爾克馬喀省網站:Alkmaar <https://www.alkmaar.nl/>
Google Art and Culture:<https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/ >
KrakowMuzeum:<https://www.lazienki-krolewskie.pl/en/wydarzenia/rembrandt-w-lazienkach>
Rijksmuseum:<https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-1935>
Rembrandt Research Projest (RRP):<www.rembrandtresearchproject.org/>