核能熱化學產氫–碘硫循環：利用直接接觸薄膜蒸餾來濃縮氫碘酸

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研究生：	藍智嵩 Lan,Chih-Sung
論文名稱：	核能熱化學產氫–碘硫循環：利用直接接觸薄膜蒸餾來濃縮氫碘酸
指導教授：	潘欽 Pan,Chin
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	原子科學院 - 工程與系統科學系 Department of Engineering and System Science
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	97
中文關鍵詞：	產氫、熱化學水分解、碘硫循環、氫碘酸、共沸分離、薄膜蒸餾
外文關鍵詞：	Hydrogen production, Thermochemical water splitting, Sulfur-iodine cycle, Hydriodic acid, Azeotropic separation, Membrane distillation
相關次數：	點閱：1 下載：0
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利用核能熱源進行熱化學產氫，碘硫循環被認為是最可行的方法之一。由於碘硫循環具有些許缺點，使得實際操作的效率低於理想計算的效率。其中之一即為氫碘酸分解程序，尤其在氫碘酸濃縮部分。由於氫碘酸溶液（HI / H2O）會有共沸現象，以致傳統蒸餾不能純化分離氫碘酸，使得整體效率降低。雖然目前的解決技術有：萃取蒸餾、反應蒸餾、電滲析法、電化電池與滲透蒸發，以上技術皆有各自的缺點，不外乎是耗能不低與設備複雜。
薄膜蒸餾為具有成本效益的新興分離方法，可以利用低階的廢熱、替代能源(譬如太陽能、地熱)或是核能廢熱來作為能量來源，是一種具有極高效益的方法。本研究即以直接接觸薄膜蒸餾來濃縮氫碘酸，並探討不同操作條件對濃縮成效的影響，另外也建構數學模型以了解參數間影響，甚至在未來可作進一步模擬探討。
若在直接接觸薄膜蒸餾滲透端只通入純水，結果顯示此方法只能濃縮低濃度的氫碘酸；在高濃度氫碘酸下，不僅不能提升濃度，甚至發現有水蒸氣逆流，導致稀釋。然而，如果在滲透端改成通入氫碘酸溶液，以增加水蒸氣分壓差和降低氫碘酸分壓差，在滲透端為6.5 M、溫差為50.31℃，以及滲透端為7.5 M、溫差為30.16、50.12 ℃這三個操作點下，氫碘酸溶液皆可以成功越過共沸點，因此，薄膜蒸餾確實可提供碘硫循環一個低成本、設備簡單以及操作容易的新流程選擇。

摘要 ………………………………………………………………   I
誌謝 ……………………………………………………………… III
目錄 ………………………………………………………………  IV
圖目錄 …………………………………………………………… VII
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………  IX
符號說明 …………………………………………………………   X
第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………  1
1.1 研究背景 ……………………………………………………   1
1.2 研究動機與目的 ……………………………………………   6
1.3 本文架構 ……………………………………………………   7
第二章 文獻回顧 …………………………………………………  9
2.1 整體效率 ……………………………………………………   9
2.2 目前技術議題及解決方案 …………………………………  13
    2.2.1 邦生反應程序 ………………………………………  13
    2.2.2 硫酸分解程序 ………………………………………  14
    2.2.3 氫碘酸分解程序 ……………………………………  14
    2.2.4 其他部分 ……………………………………………  17
2.3 薄膜蒸餾 ……………………………………………………  19
    2.3.1 薄膜蒸餾概述 ………………………………………  20
    2.3.2 薄膜蒸餾的優點 ……………………………………  23
    2.3.3 薄膜蒸餾的種類 ……………………………………  25
    2.3.4 薄膜蒸餾用於濃縮酸溶液 …………………………  30
第三章 理論分析 ………………………………………………… 33
3.1 質量傳輸機制 ………………………………………………  33
    3.1.1 Knudsen 擴散模式 …………………………………  34
    3.1.2 Poiseuille 模式（黏性流） ……………………… 37
    3.1.3 分子擴散模式 ………………………………………  38
    3.1.4 過渡區模式 …………………………………………  39
          3.1.4.1 Schofield’s 模式 ……………………… 42
          3.1.4.2 Tomazszewska’s 模式 …………………  43
          3.1.4.3 KMPT 模式 ………………………………   44
          3.1.4.4 塵氣模式（Dusty Gas model，DGM）…   45
3.2 直接接觸薄膜蒸餾輸送原理 ………………………………  49
    3.2.1 熱量傳輸機制 ………………………………………  50
第四章 實驗設備與步驟 ………………………………………… 56
4.1 實驗系統環路 ………………………………………………  56
4.2 實驗儀器與材料 ……………………………………………  60
4.3 實驗方法 ……………………………………………………  61
4.4 實驗步驟 ……………………………………………………  62
4.5 實驗注意事項 ………………………………………………  64
第五章 結果與討論 ……………………………………………… 66
5.1 純水測試 ……………………………………………………  66
5.2 氫碘酸實驗 …………………………………………………  70
5.3 氫碘酸實驗改良 ……………………………………………  77
第六章 結論與建議 ……………………………………………… 86
6.1 結論 …………………………………………………………  86
6.2 未來研究建議 ………………………………………………  88
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………  90

                                

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