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研究生： 陳巨凡
Chu-Fan,Chen
論文名稱： 微波電路元件之量測與分析
The Analysis And Measurments of Microwave Components
指導教授： 張一熙
Y.S. Chang
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學工程學系
Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2001
畢業學年度： 89
語文別： 中文
中文關鍵詞： 低雜訊放大器 、壓控震盪器 、混波器 、鎖相迴路
外文關鍵詞： LNA, VCO, Mixer, PLL
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    • 摘要
    早期高頻傳輸技術只被用於AM及FM的電台廣播，以及後來電視節目的無線廣播，而軍方把此技術運用於通訊、監測、雷達等方面，才使高頻技術更加成熟；直到了這近幾年來，大哥大、無線對講機、家用無線電話、呼叫器等民用產品更帶動高頻通訊的蓬勃發展，其中尤以應用於手機的無線通訊技術最受到注目。以傳統電子電路的觀點來看，當訊號頻率非常小時，也就是波長方常長，訊號不會遭受阻撓或反射，所以此時的電路分析較無須融入波的觀念；但是當訊號頻率非常高時，一般的電路就好像一面牆會阻擋太陽光一樣，會使訊號遭受阻撓或反射，所以此時訊號在電路中的行為，就需以電磁波來考慮。所以在研究的無線通訊技術裡，其中很重要的一環就是微波工程，本論文主要將專注於微波電路元件的特性量測探討。

    論文第一部份先簡述台灣行動通訊的起源，再來簡介現行的GSM系統及正要跨入的第2.5代通訊系統-GPRS(General Pocket Radio Service)，並比較其中差異。第二部分則大略回顧一下微波元件量測常用到的參數如雜訊指數(Noise Figure)、1dB壓縮點、敏感度。第三部分則探討幾種常見的重要微波元件的工作及設計原理，譬如：低雜訊放大器、震盪器、混波器、鎖相迴路等。第四部分則進行微波元件實際的量測，從實做中瞭解微波電路設計與量測常遇到的問題，並試著加以解釋和解決。第五部分則為本論文的結論。

    Abstract
    The high frequency transmitting technology is only used for AM and FM Radio Broadcast in the early days. The military used this technology for the applications of communication, monitoring, radar system…etc. And then the high frequency technology became maturer. The population of handset, wireless intercom , cordless phone has promoted great development for high frequency technology until recent years. The application for mobile phone especially draws a lot of attention. In the traditional view of electronics, when the signal frequency is very low, in other words, the wave length is very long; the signal would not be blocked or reflected.. So the analysis of circuits doesn’t need to take the concept of wave into consideration. But when the signal frequency is very high, we can think the normal circuit as a wall, it can block or reflect signals. So we need to think the signal as electromagnetic wave in this condition. In the field of wireless communication technology, microwave engineering is a very important part. This thesis will focus on the characteristic measurement of microwave components.

    The first part of this thesis will introduce the origin of mobile communication in Taiwan and current GSM system ,the 2.5 stage system―GPRS(Genera Pocket Radio Service).And then we compare the differences between GSM and GPRS systems. The second part reviews useful parameters for the measurement of microwave components, such as Noise Figure 、1dB compression point、sensitivity. The third part discuss the working and design theory of some well-known and important microwave components. For instance: LNA, Mixer, VCO, PLL…,etc. The fourth part proceeds real measurements of microwave components. From the experiences of the experiments, we can understand the problems that we often encounter when designing and measuring microwave circuits and try to solve and explain them. The fifth part is the conclusion of this thesis.

    目錄 中文摘要------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ Abstract------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ 誌謝----------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ 第一章.行動通訊系統簡介與比較---------------------------------1 第二章.微波電路元件參數---------------------------------------25 第三章.微波電路元件特性及分析---------------------------------32 3.1放大器與振盪器設計-----------------------------------------36 3.2 電壓控製振盪器原理----------------------------------------46 3.3低雜訊放大器原理-------------------------------------------55 3.4混波器原理-------------------------------------------------58 3.5鎖相迴路原理-----------------------------------------------63 第四章.性能量測與結果討論-------------------------------------75 4.1天線-------------------------------------------------------75 4.2低雜訊放大器-----------------------------------------------82 4.3混波器-----------------------------------------------------88 4.4壓控振盪器-------------------------------------------------94 4.5鎖相迴路---------------------------------------------------96 第五章.結論--------------------------------------------------101 圖片索引 圖1-1----------------------------------------------------------4 圖1-2----------------------------------------------------------7 圖1-3 --------------------------------------------------------18 圖1-4---------------------------------------------------------22 圖2-1 --------------------------------------------------------30 圖2-2---------------------------------------------------------31 圖3-1 --------------------------------------------------------38 圖3-2--------------------------------------------------------67 圖3-3---------------------------------------------------------67 圖3-4---------------------------------------------------------68 圖3-5---------------------------------------------------------68 圖3-6---------------------------------------------------------68 圖3-7 --------------------------------------------------------69 圖3-8---------------------------------------------------------70 圖3-9-------------------------------------------------------70 圖3-10 -------------------------------------------------------71 圖3-11--------------------------------------------------------71 圖3-12 -------------------------------------------------------72 圖3-13--------------------------------------------------------72 圖3-14--------------------------------------------------------73 圖3-15--------------------------------------------------------73 圖3-16-------------------------------------------------------74 圖4-1 --------------------------------------------------------77 圖4-2-------------------------------------------------------78 圖4-3---------------------------------------------------------78 圖4-4 --------------------------------------------------------79 圖4-5 --------------------------------------------------------80 圖4-6---------------------------------------------------------81 圖4-7 --------------------------------------------------------84 圖4-8---------------------------------------------------------84 圖4-9---------------------------------------------------------85 圖4-10--------------------------------------------------------85 圖4-11 -------------------------------------------------------86 圖4-12--------------------------------------------------------86 圖4-13 -------------------------------------------------------87 圖4-14--------------------------------------------------------91 圖4-15-------------------------------------------------------91 圖4-16--------------------------------------------------------92 圖4-17-------------------------------------------------------92 圖4-18--------------------------------------------------------93 圖4-19--------------------------------------------------------93 圖4-20-------------------------------------------------------95 圖4-21--------------------------------------------------------95 圖4-22--------------------------------------------------------96 圖4-23--------------------------------------------------------97 圖4-24--------------------------------------------------------99 圖4-25--------------------------------------------------------99 圖4-26-------------------------------------------------------100 表格索引 表1-1----------------------------------------------------------3 表3-0---------------------------------------------------------34 表3-1---------------------------------------------------------45 表3-2 --------------------------------------------------------55 表4-1---------------------------------------------------------77 表4-2 --------------------------------------------------------88

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