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研究生: 吳珮綺
Wu, Pei-Chi
論文名稱: 線條圖之像素化研究
A Study on Pixelating Line Drawings
指導教授: 李潤容
Lee, Ruen-Rone
口試委員: 朱宏國
Chu, Hung-Kuo
姚智原
Yao, Chih-Yuan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系
Computer Science
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 47
中文關鍵詞: 像素化像素藝術形狀匹配
外文關鍵詞: pixelating, pixel art, shape matching
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  • 在像素層面( Pixel level ) 作畫是一種特殊的藝術風格,需要靠畫家手動調整每一個像素,而每個像素是用來保留原始形狀的重要元素。這樣的作畫過程較為繁複,因此我們提出一個系統,能夠自動將任意的線條圖( Line Drawing ) 轉成像素圖( Pixel Drawing )。首先會將原始的線條圖分成一組方形的格子(Grid),每個格子的尺寸為n乘n,視輸入與輸出解析度之比例而定。這些格子代表的將是輸出結果的「複數像素」(mega pixels)。接著依照原始線條所經過的比率計算出每個格子的選擇權重;最後遵從畫家們所歸納的一些像素藝術之規則,如:像素排列需為單調遞增或遞減以及線條需為單一像素寬度。照著這些規則來選擇需要填滿之格子,最終格子的選擇結果即為輸出結果。這些規則使輸出結果較為接近畫家之作品。此結果亦可提供給畫家作為作畫之初稿,畫家可再依個人作畫習慣調整成自己滿意的作品。


    Drawing on the pixel level is a specific art style. It needs artist to adjust each pixel manually. Every pixel on the drawing is important to preserve the original shape as much as possible under different resolutions. This process is tedious and complicated, so we propose a novel system which converts arbitrary line drawings to pixel drawings automatically. First, the input line drawing image is partitioned into a set of rectangular grids. Each grid is consisting of n by n pixels, depends on the ratio of input and output resolution. These grids represent “mega pixels” at output resolution. Then, the weight of each grid is computed according to the coverage of original line pixels within the grid. Finally, some rules of pixel art which generalized by artists such as monotonic in generated pixel spans and single pixel line width, are used to choose the grids which need to be filled. These rules further improve the output that is closed to the artist’s work. The artists can then do some minor modifications, based on the final output result, to meet their personal stylization.

    Chapter 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................8 Chapter 2. Related Work.................................................................................................10 Chapter 3. Method ...........................................................................................................13 3.1 Vectorizing Line Drawings ......................................................................................15 3.2 Pixelating Line Drawings ........................................................................................24 3.2.1 Construct Grid Weights.....................................................................................24 3.2.2 Follow the Pixel Art Rules................................................................................26 3.3 Jitters ........................................................................................................................33 Chapter 4. Result..............................................................................................................36 Chapter 5. Conclusions & Future Works ......................................................................43 Reference..........................................................................................................................45

    [1] Adele Goldberg and Robert Flegal, "ACM president's letter: Pixel Art", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 25, Issue 12, Dec. 1982.
    [2] Kopf, Johannes, and Dani Lischinski. "Depixelizing pixel art." ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG). Vol. 30. No. 4. ACM, 2011.
    [3] Fattal, Raanan. "Image upsampling via imposed edge statistics." ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 26.3 (2007): 95.
    [4] Inglis, Tiffany C., and Craig S. Kaplan. "Pixelating vector line art." Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering. Eurographics Association, 2012.
    [5] Liu, Yong Kui, et al. "Pixel-Level Algorithms for Drawing Curves." Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics. The Eurographics Association, 2011.
    [6] Mi, Xiaofeng, Doug DeCarlo, and Matthew Stone. "Abstraction of 2D shapes in terms of parts." Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering. ACM, 2009.
    [7] Suzuki, Kazuaki, et al. "Downscaling for images having thin line structure."Poster session presented at: The 5th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering. 2007.
    [8] Gerstner, Timothy, et al. "Pixelated image abstraction." Proceedings of the
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    Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering. Eurographics Association, 2012.
    [9] Achanta, Radhakrishna, et al. "SLIC superpixels." École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausssanne (EPFL), Tech. Rep 149300 (2010).
    [10] Xu, Xuemiao, Linling Zhang, and Tien-Tsin Wong. "Structure-based ASCII art."ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 29.4 (2010): 52.
    [11] Belongie, Serge, Jitendra Malik, and Jan Puzicha. "Shape matching and object recognition using shape contexts." Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on 24.4 (2002): 509-522.
    [12] Goh, Wooi-Boon. "Strategies for shape matching using skeletons." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 110.3 (2008): 326-345.
    [13] Kang, Henry, Seungyong Lee, and Charles K. Chui. "Coherent line drawing."Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering. ACM, 2007.
    [14] Mori, Greg, Serge Belongie, and Jitendra Malik. "Efficient shape matching using shape contexts." Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on 27.11 (2005): 1832-1837.
    [15] Website: Pixel Joint Forum : The Pixel Art Tutorial. http://www.pixeljoint.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=11299&PID=139318
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    [16] Website: Derek Yu’s Pixel Art Tutorial.
    http://www.derekyu.com/?page_id=218
    [17] Website: Richard Janes’s Introduction to Pixel Art. http://www.rjanes.co.uk/tutorials/introduction_to_pixel_art.php
    [18] Cychosz, Joseph M. "Efficient binary image thinning using neighborhood maps." Graphics gems IV. Academic Press Professional, Inc., 1994.

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