第一部份：
近年來，本實驗室致力於台灣山區土壤、葉表和大型真菌子實體的酵母菌多樣性調查，研究過程中，發現台灣酵母菌不僅物種極具多樣性，且存在相當比例的未記錄種，這些菌種經大單元核糖體D1/D2區域序列比對後，於資料庫中無相對序列，仍無法確定其學名。本實驗即針對這些無法歸類的菌株共19個菌種52個菌株進行分子生物鑑定，所有菌種皆含有2個以上不同來源的菌株，以大單元核糖體D1/D2區域序列、核糖體內轉錄間隔區序列和染色體電泳核型等分子技術，並以隨機擴增多形性DNA、生理生化試驗和形態特徵做輔助，將這些菌種歸類。鑑定結果顯示其中14個菌種可判定為新種並進行新種描述：Candida basidiocarpa, C. dongpuanica, C. fongbinica, C. luguana, C. molinica, C. plantae, C. renaiensis, C. rueisueiensis, C. stauntonica, C. taoyuanica, C. wulaiensis, Saturnispora dongpuana, S. sandimenana和Torulaspora terra。Kazachstania sp.在各項比對結果中雖與已知種有些微差異，但不足以證明為不同分類群(taxa)；Candida sp. (6)其各項特徵皆與已知種有明顯差異，但同種內兩菌株在RAPD電泳圖譜和染色體電泳核型圖譜上的染色體數量及大小卻不同；Candida sp. (10)在各項特徵與已知種相似，但其染色體電泳核型無法呈現完整圖譜。以上三菌種皆需進一步以其他分子方法探究其分類地位。而Candida sp. (12)在各種分類特徵皆與Candida fragi相似，分類上應鑑定成該種；Candida sp. (15)在各種分類特徵皆與Candida valdiviana相似，分類上應鑑定成該種。

第二部份：
本研究主要利用分離自台灣及泰國土壤中之Vanderwsaltozyma菌株，以DNA指紋分析、染色體電泳核型、核糖體內轉錄間隔區及D1/D2區域與粒線體細胞色素氧化酵素基因之序列分析及DNA相似度等分子特性，進行該屬內種間及種內菌株特性差異比較。經由形態、生理及分子鑑定後顯示，大部分菌株皆可歸入目前已被接受的四個已知種中，如V. polyspora, V. yarrowii, V. verrucispora 與 V. tropicalis。唯有歸為不同種的三群菌株，EN4S02、GA1S06和GJ8S05，無法歸入現有種。雖然所有Vanderwsaltozyma不同種間之分子特徵皆有明顯差異，但同屬內菌種亦有其同質性，例如其染色體核型皆呈現約10條介於350-1900 kb之DNA色帶。此外，種內各菌株也顯示出基因多樣性，尤其是V. verrucispora 和 V. polyspora 最為明顯。

Part I:
Since 2005, our lab is committed to the yeasts diversity of soil, leaves, and fruiting body of murshrooms in the mountain area of Taiwan. Some species could not be clearly identified by analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. Fifty-two strains representing 19 species were examined in this dissertation. Two more strains from different samples were included in each species. These strains are examined and delimited by sequence analysis of rDNA regions, such as the D1/D2 domain of the LSU of rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS), and electrophoretic karyotyping. Additionally, random amplified polymorphism DNA, phenotypic and morphological characteristics are compared. As the results, fourteen species, such as Candida basidiocarpa, C. dongpuanica, C. fongbinica, C. luguana, C. molinica, C. plantae, C. renaiensis, C. rueisueiensis, C. stauntonica, C. taoyuanica, C. wulaiensis, Saturnispora dongpuana, S. sandimenana and Torulaspora terra are different from currently recognized species in the physiological and molecular characteristics, and suggested as novel species. Strains of Kazachstania sp., Candida sp. (6) and Candida sp. (10) are still ambiguous by current evidence. More molecular approaches are necessary for identification of these strains. Candida sp. (12) and Candida sp. (15) revealed similar characteristics compared to that of Candida fragi and Candida valdiviana, respectively, so they could be identified as the respective species. All the novel species will be classified in respective new taxa.

Part II:
Some strains identified as Vanderwsaltozyma species were collected during surveys of yeast diversity from soil in Taiwan and Thailand. These strains of Vanderwaltozyma were used to study the intra- and interspecies polymorphisms of the genus, based on sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) of rDNA, fragments of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II (Cox II) gene, electrophortic karyotypes, and DNA fingerprinting with primers (GTG)5 and N21. Most of the strains can be classified into the currently accepted taxa, such as V. polyspora, V. yarrowii, V. verrucispora and V. tropicalis based on the molecular, morphological and physiological characteristics, the other three strains EN4S02, GA1S06 and GJ8S05 were different from each other in molecular characteristics and showed independent taxa from the accepted species. All the species can be differentiated from each other in the molecular characteristics, whereas they showed genetic homogeneity, such as the species of of the genus Vanderwaltozyma demonstrated ten chromosomal DNA bands ranging 350-1900 kb in electrophoretic karyotypes. The strains of V. verrucispora and V. polyspora showed intraspecies polymorphisms in electrophoretic karyotypes, DNA fingerprinting patterns, and sequences of genes listed above.

第一部份：
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