自二十一世紀初人類於日常生活中大量使用3C產品以來，視力已提前嚴重退化，根據眼科醫學之波前量測數據，人眼角膜弧度變化並非軸對稱形式，必須精準的量測角膜弧度變化方能準確配鏡來矯正視力。自由曲面光學理論現已應用於視力矯正，因自由曲面光學元件可充分使用設計自由度，即同時矯正退化老花與散光視力問題。本論文專注於如何以超精密加工自由曲面應用於視光學元件之研究，進行自由曲面光學模具之製作，最後再採用自由曲面補正技術，修正鏡片製程之自由曲面形狀誤差來提升鏡片製造精度，提升漸進多焦光學鏡片品質。首先以眼球模型建立與波前量測分析其球面像差建立視光學之度數數學關係，再以自由曲面加工補償經由刀具弧角調變補償模具之幾何形狀精度，最後經由澤尼克多項式建立自由曲面補正技術，驗證全面性修正自由曲面形狀精度之成果，並達成以超精密慢刀伺服鑽石車削製程技術，直接製作模具自由曲面並射出成形之眼鏡鏡片，達成無須模具拋光之商用量產製程技術。

Since the beginning of this century, popularity of 3C products in our daily life has prematurely influenced and degraded people eye vision. Based on the wavefront measurement data by ophthalmologists, cornea topology has indicated the shape of the cornea is not axis-symmetric; and hence precise measurement on cornea topology is needed for vision correction of myopia or presbyopia eyes. Freeform optics theory has been applied to optometry in vision correction because the design degrees of freedom in free-form spectacles are able to correct presbyopia and astigmatism simultaneously. In this dissertation, the objective is to study how to apply ultra-precision machining with freeform design optometric lenses by manufacture of free-form optical molds. Then, free-form compensation technology has been employed for dimensional errors of lenses for increase in manufacture accuracy so that quality of progressive addition lenses is improved. Initially, mathematical derivation of optical power is established by eye model and wavefront measurement analysis. Then, the freeform tool compensation method based on tool arc-radius selection could reduce the geometric errors of mold surfaces. Free-form compensation technique based on Zernike polynomials expression has hereby been verified experimentally in measurement data with total surface freeform accuracy. Finally, through the use of ultraprecision slow-tool servo diamond turning technology applied on the mold surfaces without final polishing process, injection-molded spectacles with freeform features have been successfully produced for commercial products.

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