游泳訓練對氣喘兒童體適能、肺功能
及呼吸道發炎介質之影響

摘要

本研究主要目的在探討八週的游泳訓練課程對氣喘兒童的體適能、肺功能、嗜酸性白血球、免疫球蛋白E及嗜酸性白血球陽離子蛋白之影響。本研究篩選罹患第一級或第二級之氣喘兒童36名為研究對象(年齡8.84±1.11歲，身高130.96±9.31公分，體重31.01±9.37公斤)，分為實驗組及對照組各18名，其中實驗組，參與八週游泳訓練課程，而對照組於研究期間不得參與游泳運動。受試者於訓練前、後接受體適能檢測、肺功能檢測及血液取樣分析，所得數據以單因子共變數分析之統計方法處理，顯著水準為α=.05。其研究結果如下：
一、體適能方面
八週游泳訓練後，實驗組與對照組之身體質量指數、坐姿體前彎、仰臥起坐及三分鐘登階皆達到顯著差異(p＜.05)，但立定跳遠未達顯著差異(p＞.05)。顯示八週的游泳訓練確實可以改善氣喘兒童的身體組成以及提升氣喘兒童的柔軟度、肌耐力及心肺耐力，但對於下肢瞬發力的提升，無明顯效果。
二、肺功能及呼吸道發炎介質方面
八週游泳訓練後，兩組之第一秒用力吐氣量有顯著差異(p＜.05)，但嗜酸性白血球、免疫球蛋白E及嗜酸性白血球陽離子蛋白皆未達顯著差異(p＞.05)。顯示八週的游泳訓練可以改善氣喘兒童的肺功能，但對於影響氣喘兒童呼吸道發炎之介質，無法呈現出有意義的差異。
本研究提供了相當正面的發現，就是游泳訓練可以改善氣喘兒童的身體組成、肌耐力、柔軟度、心肺耐力及肺功能，所以游泳運動對於氣喘兒童而言是一項值得推廣的運動。這不僅對其健康有莫大助益，也是我們從事健康與體育教育工作的目標。

關鍵詞：游泳訓練、氣喘兒童、體適能、嗜酸性白血球、免疫球蛋白E

The Effects of Swimming Training to Asthmatic Children in Physical Fitness, Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Inflammatory Mediators
Abstract
The present study aimed at exploring the effects of 8-week swimming training to indicative components of asthmatic children such as physical fitness, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), eosinophil, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). The experiment was intended for children (n=36) suffering from asthma stage 1 or stage 2, with age 8.84± 1.11 years, height 130.96 ± 9.31cm and weight 31.01 ± 9.37kg, who were divided into two 18-member groups, experimental group and control group, then allow children in former group to attend 8 week swimming training, while in contrast, those in control group neither to attend the training nor to engage in any exercises involving swimming.
The subjects, the said asthmatic children, received physical fitness test, FEV1 test, and blood specimen analysis before and after receiving the swimming training and then all test data are subjected to 1-Way ANCOVA. The experiment results demonstrate the follows:
1. In Physical Fitness After having completed the 8-week swimming training, the asthmatic children demonstrate major difference (p<.05) in their Physical Fitness , excluding explosive strength. These reveal that an 8-week swimming training indeed enhances the BMI, flexibility, muscular endurance and cardio- respiratory endurance in the asthmatic children.
2. In Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Inflammatory Mediators After having completed the 8-week swimming training, the asthmatic children demonstrate significant difference only in FEV1, but not in the three blood biological values: eosinophil, IgE, and ECP. These indicate that an 8-week swimming training indeed improves largely the lung performance in the asthmatic children.
Keywords: Swimming training, asthmatic children, Physical fitness, eosinophil, IgE,

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