本論文的研究主題為「二維影像編輯及三維建模之編輯歷史之視覺化、分析及合 成」。本論文內容詳盡的描述了如何使用編輯歷史以加強現有的計算機圖學演算法 並且改進現有的圖像/三維模型設計軟體之使用者界面。
本論文有三個主要主題:1)非線性的二維影像版本控制系統, 2)數據驅動的歷史 界面, 3)基於編輯歷史的三維模型最佳觀察點演算法。其中,「非線性的版本控制 系統」將使用者的編輯模型轉換為有向圖(DAG),並以該有向圖為基礎提出了版本 增加、版本分支、版本比較、版本合併的演算法及相對應的使用者界面。而「數據 驅動的歷史界面」則是在更進一步的分析編輯歷史後,重新設計了現有的歷史界 面,並加上了「語意瀏覽」及「智慧還原」的功能。論文的最後一個章節則是描述 了如何使用編輯歷史將三維模型切分成有意義的區塊,並且從該區塊對應的「相機 歷史」中找到最佳的觀察點。

The main research topic of the thesis is on the analysis, visualization, and synthesis of artists’ 2D image editing and 3D modeling operation sequences. The thesis shows that the additional information of editing history can improve traditional computer graphics algorithms and enhance the usability of UI of graphics design software.
The thesis describes three major components: a nonlinear revision control system for 2D image editing software, a data-driven adaptive history list and a history-assisted view- point selection algorithm. The nonlinear revision control system transforms the linear edit- ing histories recorded on GIMP into a nonlinear DAG. Based on the DAG, user interfaces and algorithms for revision add, revision branch, revision diff and revision merge for im- ages are proposed. By further analyzing the editing histories, the thesis describes a data- driven adaptive history list that improves the traditional editing histories user interface with the function of semantic navigation and smart undo. Former is based on a SVM classifier while later a n-gram algorithm. Finally, the thesis describes a history-assisted viewpoint selection algorithm. The algorithm segments the 3D model into different regions based on time map then select the best viewpoints for segments by analyzing the camera history.

[1] Gregory D. Abram and Turner Whitted. Building block shaders. In SIGGRAPH ’90 Papers, pages 283–288, 1990.
[2] Autodesk. 123d catch, 2012.
[3] Louis Bavoil, Steven P. Callahan, Carlos E. Scheidegger, Huy T. Vo, Patricia J. Crossno, Claudio T. Silva, and Juliana Freire. Vistrails: Enabling interactive multiple- view visualizations. Visualization Conference, IEEE, 0:18, 2005.
[4] Floraine Berthouzoz, Wilmot Li, Mira Dontcheva, and Maneesh Agrawala. A frame- work for content-adaptive photo manipulation macros: Application to face, landscape, and global manipulations. ACM Trans. Graph., 30:120:1–14, 2011.
[5] Leonardo Bonanni, Xiao Xiao, Matthew Hockenberry, Praveen Subramani, Hiroshi Ishii, Maurizio Seracini, and Jurgen Schulze. Wetpaint: scraping through multi- layered images. In CHI ’09: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 571–574, 2009.
[6] Nicolas Burtnyk, Azam Khan, George Fitzmaurice, and Gordon Kurtenbach. Show- motion: camera motion based 3d design review. In Proceedings of the 2006 sympo- sium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, I3D ’06, pages 167–174, New York, NY, USA, 2006. ACM.
[7] Chih-Chung Chang and Chih-Jen Lin. LIBSVM: A library for support vector ma- chines. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, 2:27:1–27:27, 2011.
[8] Tim Chen, Li-Yi Wei, and Chun-Fa Chang. Nonlinear revision control for images. In SIGGRAPH ’11, pages 105:1–10, 2011.
[9] Xiaobai Chen, Abulhair Saparov, Bill Pang, and Thomas Funkhouser. Schelling points on 3D surface meshes. In SIGGRAPH ’12, 2012.
[10] Thomas Convard and Patrick Bourdot. History based reactive objects for immersive cad. In SM ’04: Symposium on Solid modeling and applications, pages 291–296, 2004.
[11] Robert L. Cook. Shade trees. In SIGGRAPH ’84 Papers, pages 223–231, 1984.
[12] Stephen A. Cook. The complexity of theorem-proving procedures. In STOC ’71:
Symposium on Theory of computing, pages 151–158, 1971.
[13] Jonathan D. Denning, William B. Kerr, and Fabio Pellacini. Meshflow: Interactive
visualization of mesh construction sequences. In SIGGRAPH ’11, 2011.
[14] W. Keith Edwards, Takeo Igarashi, Anthony LaMarca, and Elizabeth D. Mynatt. A
temporal model for multi-level undo and redo. In UIST ’00, pages 31–40, 2000.
[15] W. Keith Edwards and Elizabeth D. Mynatt. Timewarp: techniques for autonomous
collaboration. In CHI ’97, pages 218–225, 1997.
[16] Jacky Estublier, David Leblang, Andre ́ van der Hoek, Reidar Conradi, Geoffrey Clemm, Walter Tichy, and Darcy Wiborg-Weber. Impact of software engineering research on the practice of software configuration management. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol., 14(4):383–430, 2005.
[17] Kim M. Fairchild, Steven E. Poltrock, and George W. Furnas. Semnet: three- dimensional graphic representations of large knowledge bases. pages 190–206, 1999.
[18] MiquelFeixas,MateuSbert,andFranciscoGonza ́lez.Aunifiedinformation-theoretic framework for viewpoint selection and mesh saliency. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept., 6(1):1:1–1:23, February 2009.
[19] GeorgeFitzmaurice,JustinMatejka,IgorMordatch,AzamKhan,andGordonKurten- bach. Safe 3d navigation. In Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games, I3D ’08, pages 7–15, New York, NY, USA, 2008. ACM.
[20] E. R. Gansner, E. Koutsofios, S. C. North, and K.-P. Vo. A technique for drawing directed graphs. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., 19(3):214–230, 1993.
[21] Floraine Grabler, Maneesh Agrawala, Wilmot Li, Mira Dontcheva, and Takeo Igarashi. Generating photo manipulation tutorials by demonstration. In SIGGRAPH ’09, pages 66:1–9, 2009.
[22] Tovi Grossman, Justin Matejka, and George Fitzmaurice. Chronicle: capture, explo- ration, and playback of document workflow histories. In UIST ’10, pages 143–152, 2010.
[23] Bjo ̈rn Hartmann, Daniel MacDougall, Joel Brandt, and Scott R. Klemmer. What would other programmers do: suggesting solutions to error messages. pages 1019– 1028, 2010.
[24] Bjo ̈rn Hartmann, Loren Yu, Abel Allison, Yeonsoo Yang, and Scott R. Klemmer. Design as exploration: creating interface alternatives through parallel authoring and runtime tuning. In UIST ’08, pages 91–100, 2008.
[25] Jeffrey Heer and Stuart K. Card. Doitrees revisited: scalable, space-constrained visu- alization of hierarchical data. In AVI ’04: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, pages 421–424, 2004.
[26] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization. In CHI ’05: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 421–430, 2005.
[27] Jeffrey Heer, Jock Mackinlay, Chris Stolte, and Maneesh Agrawala. Graphical his- tories for visualization: Supporting analysis, communication, and evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 14(6):1189–1196, 2008.
[28] Hugues Hoppe. Progressive meshes. In Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, SIGGRAPH ’96, pages 99–108, 1996.
[29] James J. Hunt, Kiem-Phong Vo, and Walter F. Tichy. Delta algorithms: an empirical analysis. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol., 7(2):192–214, 1998.
[30] Laurent Itti, Christof Koch, and Ernst Niebur. A model of saliency-based visual atten- tion for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 20:1254–1259, November 1998.
[31] Daniel Jackson and David A. Ladd. Semantic diff: A tool for summarizing the ef- fects of modifications. In ICSM ’94: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Maintenance, pages 243–252, 1994.
[32] Jens Jacobsen, Tilman Schlenker, and Lisa Edwards. Implementing a Digital Asset Management System: For Animation, Computer Games, and Web Development. Focal Press, 2005.
[33] Scott R. Klemmer, Michael Thomsen, Ethan Phelps-Goodman, Robert Lee, and James A. Landay. Where do web sites come from?: capturing and interacting with design history. In CHI ’02, pages 1–8, 2002.
[34] David Koller, Michael Turitzin, Marc Levoy, Marco Tarini, Giuseppe Croccia, Paolo Cignoni, and Roberto Scopigno. Protected interactive 3d graphics via remote render- ing. In SIGGRAPH ’04, pages 695–703, 2004.
[35] Kazutaka Kurihara, David Vronay, and Takeo Igarashi. Flexible timeline user inter- face using constraints. In CHI ’05: CHI ’05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, pages 1581–1584, 2005.
[36] David Kurlander. Chimera: example-based graphical editing. In Watch what I do: programming by demonstration, pages 271–290, 1993.
[37] David Kurlander and Steven Feiner. A history-based macro by example system. In
UIST ’92: Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, pages 99–106, 1992.
[38] Benjamin Lafreniere, Andrea Bunt, Matthew Lount, Filip Krynicki, and Michael A. Terry. Adaptablegimp: designing a socially-adaptable interface. In UIST ’11 Posters, pages 89–90, 2011.
[39] Benjamin Lafreniere, Andrea Bunt, John S. Whissell, Charles L. A. Clarke, and Michael Terry. Characterizing large-scale use of a direct manipulation application in the wild. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010, GI ’10, pages 11–18, Toronto, Ont., Canada, Canada, 2010. Canadian Information Processing Society.
[40] Hamid Laga and Masayuki Nakajima. Supervised learning of salient 2d views of 3d models. In In Nicograph, 2007.
[41] Tessa Lau. Rethinking the systems review process. Commun. ACM, 53:10–11, November 2010.
[42] Chang Ha Lee, Amitabh Varshney, and David W. Jacobs. Mesh saliency. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers, SIGGRAPH ’05, pages 659–666, New York, NY, USA, 2005. ACM.
[43] Marc Levoy. Spreadsheets for images. In SIGGRAPH ’94 Papers, pages 139–146, 1994.
[44] Wei Li, Justin Matejka, Tovi Grossman, Joseph A. Konstan, and George Fitzmaurice. Design and evaluation of a command recommendation system for software applica- tions. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., 18:6:1–6:35, July 2011.
[45] C. Meng, M. Yasue, A. Imamiya, and X. Mao. Visualizing histories for selective undo and redo. In APCHI ’98: Proceedings of the Third Asian Pacific Computer and Human Interaction, page 459, 1998.
[46] Brad A. Myers, Richard G. McDaniel, Robert C. Miller, Alan S. Ferrency, Andrew Faulring, Bruce D. Kyle, Andrew Mickish, Alex Klimovitski, and Patrick Doane. Theamulet environment: New models for effective user interface software development. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 23:347–365, 1997.
[47] Toshio Nakamura and Takeo Igarashi. An application-independent system for visual- izing user operation history. In UIST ’08, pages 23–32, 2008.
[48] Ryan Schmidt, Karan Singh, and Ravin Balakrishnan. Sketching and composing widgets for 3d manipulation. Computer Graphics Forum, 27(2):301–310, 2008. Pro- ceedings of Eurographics 2008.
[49] Adrian Secord, Jingwan Lu, Adam Finkelstein, Manish Singh, and Andrew Nealen. Perceptual models of viewpoint preference. TOG, 2011.
[50] Ariel Shamir. A survey on mesh segmentation techniques. Computer Graphics Fo- rum, 27(6):1539–1556, 2008.
[51] Philip Shilane and Thomas Funkhouser. Distinctive regions of 3d surfaces. ACM Trans. Graph., 26(2), June 2007.
[52] Ben Shneiderman. Creativity support tools: accelerating discovery and innovation. Commun. ACM, 50:20–32, December 2007.
[53] Sara L. Su, Sylvain Paris, Frederick Aliaga, Craig Scull, Steve Johnson, and Fre ́do Durand. Interactive visual histories for vector graphics. Technical Report MIT- CSAIL-TR-2009-031, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, June 2009.
[54] Sara L. Su, Sylvain Paris, and Fre ́do Durand. Quickselect: history-based selection expansion. In GI ’09: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009, pages 215–221, 2009.
[55] Michael Terry and Elizabeth D. Mynatt. Recognizing creative needs in user interface design. In C&C ’02: Proceedings of the 4th conference on Creativity & cognition, pages 38–44, 2002.
[56] Michael Terry, Elizabeth D. Mynatt, Kumiyo Nakakoji, and Yasuhiro Yamamoto. Variation in element and action: supporting simultaneous development of alternative solutions. In CHI ’04, pages 711–718, 2004.
[57] Hitoshi Yamauchi, Waqar Saleem, Shin Yoshizawa, Zachi Karni, Alexander Belyaev, and Hans-Peter Seidel. Towards stable and salient multi-view representation of 3d shapes. Shape Modeling and Applications, International Conference on, 0:40, 2006.
[58] Hector Yee, Sumanita Pattanaik, and Donald P. Greenberg. Spatiotemporal sensitivity and visual attention for efficient rendering of dynamic environments. ACM Trans. Graph., 20(1):39–65, 2001.