摘要

本文來自於作者在台灣理工科高等教育實驗室中的參與觀察與訪談。透過台灣實驗室的個案，試圖理解科學與工程領域實驗室中的性別權力關係與科技實作中的性別意涵，不僅分析女性經驗，將男性經驗也納入，從ANT、性別化、陽剛化與複數陽剛氣質的角度切入，試圖回答造成科技領域中男女參與差異的原因，並提出可能的改變方向。
本研究從ANT 的網絡連結觀點發現實驗室是一個性別化的場域，學習成為科技人的過程，也同時是一個性別化的過程，從一開始選擇科系與實驗室中的性別化考量，到進入實驗室後在訓練、分工、技術與空間面向中，透過串聯不同的網絡而性別化。在性別化的實驗室中，怎樣的人可以在其中優遊自得備受稱讚呢？我接著論證實驗室中存在更細緻的性別權力關係，工程實驗室更被建構為陽剛化的場域，透過互動模式、師生關係、技術風險與訓練要求串連浮現。首先實驗室存在以男性為主的「虧」實作互動文化，而實驗室透過物質、論述與實作呈現標準化的陽剛科技人樣態，研究生必須在實驗室中展現出標準化的陽剛科技人樣態，展現霸權陽剛氣質，才能成為實驗室主流的科技人，而實驗室透過兩種權力運作維持陽剛化的實驗室：一方面透過中心集權的垂直權力網絡維持，另一方面透過分散式的凝視維持霸權陽剛化科技人樣態，達成對於實驗室中其他樣態的男性與女性的邊緣化。

然而，相對於霸權陽剛主流樣態，實驗室中的行動者有其多元的生存策略，這些策略的實踐使得實驗室中多元的異質男性女性樣態浮現，如男性對於霸權陽剛的擁抱/融入/轉化/抵抗策略，以及女性對於本質化陰柔想像的順從/翻轉/抵抗。實驗室中複數的男男女女試圖抵抗/維持/共構/轉化實驗室與社會文化中對於男性/陽剛，女性/陰柔的本質化連結，協商男性女性類屬下的性別意涵，多元化實驗室中科技人的樣態，這種科技實作所蘊含的性別效果，也說明了實驗室中科技與性別相互纏繞、相互建構的關係。最後我指出實驗室中不同性別權力關係的存在可能性與條件，並提出未來改變的可能方向。

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