本研究旨在探討大學生依附風格、離家經驗與其大學適應之關係。研究以中華大學、玄奘大學、交通大學、清華大學及新竹教育大學561位學生為樣本，進行問卷調查。所測得變項包括離家經驗狀態(通勤/住宿、離家時期、返家所需時間、離家居住型態、離家準備度)、離家經驗內涵(負向情緒、正向情緒、家人互動、自主隱私、自我成長)、依附風格類型、以及大學各方面的適應(目標、心理、課業、學校、家庭適應)。所蒐集的資料分別以描述統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子多變量變異數分析、典型相關及多元逐步迴歸之統計方法進行分析。研究結果顯示：

一、大多數的大學生離家求學，並因離家而對家人互動及自我成長有較深刻的感受；大學生們的依附風格以焦慮型依附居多(佔37.7%)，其次是安全型依附(佔32.8%)。大學生在適應方面以家庭適應最佳，而課業適應最差。
二、不同離家狀態之大學生，其離家經驗的感受、大學適應的表現會有所差異，並與其依附風格有關聯。
三、安全依附風格的大學生，在大學各方面的適應皆佳；焦慮依附風格者，在離家後會感受到較高的負向情緒。
四、大學生離家負向情緒愈少、與家人的互動愈佳，其大學適應的表現愈佳。
五、離家經驗對家庭適應、心理適應及目標適應有較高的預測力，而對課業適應及學校適應的預測力則較低。離家的負向情緒及家人互動二者，是各方面適應的良好預測變項。

最後根據本研究結果，對學校相關單位及未來研究提出建議。

The goal of this study was to explorer the relationship among the attachment style, home-leaving experience, and college adjustment of university students in Taiwan. Five hundred and sixty-one students of Chung Hua University, Hsuan Chuang University, Chiao Tung University, Tsing Hua University, and Hsinchu University of Education were recruited to finish the questionnaires. The variables included the status of home-leaving experience (commuting/ accommodation, when the student left home for study, time needed to get home, styles of accommodation, readiness of leaving home), mental content of home-leaving experience (negative and positive emotions, interaction between family members, self privacy, and self growth), attachment style, and five concepts of adjustment regarding college life (career adjustment, psychological adjustment, study-work adjustment, school adjustment, family adjustment). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, one-way MANOVA, canonical correlation, and stepwise multiple regression perspectively. The main results were as followed:

1. Most students had the home-leaving experience for study. They impressed on self growth and family interaction. 37.7% of students were preoccupied attachment style while the secure attachment style was in the second place. Also, students showed high performance on family adjustment, whereas those showed the worst performance on study-work adjustment.
2. Students with different home-leaving experience status were differently in their home-leaving experience content, college adjustment, and their attachment style.
3. Among 4 different attachment styles, the secure attachment students adjusted well in college. However, the preoccupied attachment students tended to have more negative emotions.
4. Students with less negative emotion, and better interaction with their families, tend to adjusted well in college.
5. Home-leaving experience had better prediction on family adjustment, psychological adjustment and career adjustment but had worse prediction on study-work adjustment and school adjustment. Negative emotions and interaction with families of home-leaving experience could predict effectively for 5 aspects of their college adjustments.

According to the results of the research, suggestions for further studies and academic institutions were proposed.

一、中文部分：
王美華（2006）。大學生活壓力與適應因應策略之研究。元智大學資訊社會學研究所。未出版，桃園縣。
王慶福（1995）。大學生愛情關係徑路模式之分析研究。彰化師範大學博士論文。未出版，彰化市。
王蔚竣（2007）。大學生心理健康篩選量表之編製研究。中國文化大學心理輔導研究所。未出版，台北市。
朱錦鳳（2002）。大學生身心適應調查表。台北，心理出版社。
吳佩蒨（2003）。大學生早年家庭經驗、解釋風格與生活適應關係之研究。高雄師範大學輔導研究所。未出版，高雄市。
吳政航（2006）。大學生家庭功能與壓力因應型態對憂鬱症狀之影響。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所。未出版，台南市。
吳嘉瑜（1996）。衝突原因、處理方式對愛情關係的影響-以焦慮依附型大學生為例。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所。未出版，彰化市。
李自強（2005）。大學生個體化程度與生活適應之相關研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所。未出版，嘉義縣。
李坤崇、韓凱檉、邱麒忠、林幸台（1987）。大學生生活量表之編製。測驗與輔導, 82, 1561-1564。
李秋英（2006）。大學生的自我概念與人際關係之相關研究--以屏東教育大學為例。國立屏東教育大學教育行政研究所。未出版，屏東縣。
李毓璱（2004）。大學生住宿生活適應相關因素研究--以國立台灣大學為例。國立臺灣師範大學公民教育與活動領導學系在職進修碩士班。未出版，台北市。
李碧蕙（2006）。大學生親子依附、同儕依附與獨立自主發展之相關研究：以輔仁大學為例。輔仁大學兒童與家庭學研究所。未出版，台北縣。
李燕鳴、劉文玲、陳福士（2002）。東華大學一年級新生的生活適應。慈濟醫學, 14（6）, 365-371。
李靜如（2006）。大學生的成人依附、社交能力、社會支持、寂寞與憂鬱之關係。國立政治大學教育研究所。未出版，台北市。
佘金玲（2004）。大學生依附連續性與憂鬱傾向、問題解決能力之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學研究所。未出版，台北市。
林彥妤、郭利百加（譯）（1991）。心理衛生：現代生活的心理適應。台北市：桂冠出版社。（Derlega & Janda，nd）。
林旖旎（2006）。高品質的大學生生活經驗質性研究：以一所小型郊區大學為例。中華心理衛生學刊, 19（4）, 365-393。
邱珮思（2006）。大學生依附風格、心理分離—個體化、共依附特質與情緒勒索行為之相關研究。暨南國際大學輔導與諮商研究所。未出版，南投縣。
俞筱鈞（譯） （1996）。適應與心理衛生：人生週期之常態適應。台北市：揚智出版社。（Powell，1983）。
侯靜里（2000）。台北地區大學生自我概念對愛情關係適應與婚前性行為影響之研究。中國文化大學生活應用科學研究所。未出版，台北市。
洪慧芸（2003）。大學生生涯成熟與生活適應之相關研究。國立政治大學教育研究所。未出版，台北市。
胡文彬（2005）。大學生之網路使用行為對其生活適應產生的差異性之研究。國立臺南大學科技發展與傳播研究所。未出版，台南市。
孫頌賢（2006）。大學生伴侶間人際行為對愛情依附的影響。國立政治大學心理學研究所。未出版，台北市。
高岫君（2007）。大學生親子依附、自主發展與生活適應之相關研究—以輔仁大學為例。輔仁大學兒童與家庭學所。未出版，台北縣。
張詩吟（2005）。依附型態與邊緣型人格向度相關之研究：兼論依附與自信及信任之關係。國立中正大學碩士論文。未出版，嘉義縣。
張雍琳（2001）。台灣師大新生適應問題及因應行為之研究。國立台灣師範大學碩士論文。
陳李綢（1991）。大學生心理適應量表：心理出版社。未出版，台北市。
陳郁齡（1998）。家庭功能與大學生個體化、生活適應之關係研究。國立高雄師範大學碩士論文。未出版，高雄市。
陳斐虹（1996）。大學生離家經驗及其與父母依附關係改變之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導學研究所。未出版，彰化市。
曾依嵐（2004）。科系選擇因素與大學生心理適應之研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系所。未出版，彰化市。
馮喬琳（2006）。大學生依附風格、人際衝突類型與因應策略之相關研究。中國文化大學心理輔導所。未出版，台北市。
黃千芳（2007）。大學生學習自我效能.情緒智力與生活適應之相關研究~以致遠管理學院為例。致遠管理學院教育研究所。未出版，台南縣。
黃春枝（1999）。政大學生學校生活適應及其相關因素之研究。訓育研究, 38(56-70), 56。
黃碧慧（2002）。大學生依附風格、愛情關係中之壓力事件困擾與因應策略之關係研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導所。未出版，台北市。
楊正誠（2003）。大學生網路成癮、社會支持與生活適應關係之研究。東海大學教育研究所。未出版，台中市。
楊靜利、陳寬政（2002）。台灣地區子女離家的原因與步調。人口學刊, 25, 120-144。
蔡秀玲（1987）。大學男女生依附關係、個體化與適應之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學碩士論文。未出版，台北市。
蔡淑慧（2005）。不同社交地位之大學生孤立感、依附關係、人際行為之相關研究。中國文化大學心理輔導研究所。未出版，台北市。
蔡鳳薇（2006）。大學生親子互動模式與其寂寞感之相關研究。台中教育大學諮商與應用心理學系。未出版，台中市。
鄭羽芯（2006）。大學生人際依附風格、情緒表達方式與愛情關係滿意度之相關研究。國立台中教育大學諮商與心理輔導研究所。未出版，台中市。
賴妮蔚（2006）。有分手經驗之大不同性別大學生依附風格傾向與分手經驗之相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系在職進修碩士班。未出版，台北市。
賴雅純（2005）。成人依附類型與人際衝突事件及其衝突知覺與解決策略對大學生憂鬱的影響。國立成功大學行為醫學研究所。未出版，台南市。
薛凱方（2004）。大學生學習社群互動與生活適應、生涯決策自我效能之相關研究。國立政治大學教育研究所。未出版，台北市。
羅立人（1998）。大學生的依附風格與寂寞感之相關研究。彰化師範大學輔導研究所。未出版，彰化市。
蘇逸珊（2002）。大學生依附風格、情緒智力與人際關係之相關研究。屏東教育大學教育心理與輔導研究所。未出版，屏東縣。

二、西文部份：
Ainsworth, M. S. (1979). Infancy-mother Attachments. American Psychologist., 34(10), 932-937.
Ainsworth, M. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716.
Ainsworth, M. S. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46(4), 333-341.
Anderson, S. A., & Fleming, W. M. (1986). Late adolescents' identity formation: Individuation from the family of origin. Adolescence, 21(84), 785-796.
Ausubel, D. P. (1949). Ego-development and the learning process. Child Development, 20(4), 173-190.
Baker, R. W., & Siryk, B. (1986). Exploratory intervention with a scale measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33(1), 31-38.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults：a test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.
Bartz, J. A., & Lydon, J. E. . (2006). Navigating the interdependence dilemma: Attachment goals and the use of communal norms with potential close others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1), 77-96.
Bernier, A., Larose, S., Boivin, M., & Soucy, N. (2004). Attachment state of mind: Implications for adjustment to college. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(6), 783-806.
Beyers, W., & Goossens, L. (2003). Psychological separation and adjustment to university：moderating effects of gender, age, and perceived parenting style. Journal of Adolescent Research, 18(4), 363-382.
Bowby, J. (1959). The nature of the child's tie to its mother. Psyche: Zeitschrift fur Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen, 13, 415-456.
Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds: I. Aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130 201-210.
Bradford, E., & Lyddon, W. J. (1994). Assessing adolescent and adult attachment：an update. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 213-217.
Campbell, E., Adams, G. R., & Dobson, W. R. (1984). Familial correlates of identity formation in late adolescence: A study of the predictive utility of connectedness and individuality in family relations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13(6), 509-525.
Clauss. (1996). The relationships of family style, family competence, parental attachment, self-esteem, and separation-individuation with social and emotional adjustment to college of first-year students. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 56(10-A), 3885.
Cohen, H. (1999). Adult attachment styles, romatic love, and the maintenance of love relationahips. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 60(1-A), 0072.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663.
Erikson, E. H. (1989). Elements of a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development (Greenspan, Stanley I & Pollock, George H ed. Vol. 1: Infancy). Madison, CT, US: International Universities Press, Inc.
Estrada, L., Dupoux, E., & Wolman, C. (2006). The relationship between locus of control and personal-emotional adjustment and social adjustment to college life in students with and without learning disabilities. College Student Journal, 40(1), 43-54.
Griffin, D., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and other：fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 430-445.
Grotevant, H. D., & Cooper, C. R. (1985). Patterns of interaction in family relationships and the development of identity exploration in adolescence. Child Development, 56, 415-428.
Hahn, N. B. (1995). Adult attachment style, coping style, defensive processes, and memory in college women. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 56(4-B), 2370.
Hayes, J. (2006). The differences between first-generation and non-first-generation freshmen private college students on college adjustment. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 67(5-A), 1600.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
Heiligenthal, A. N. (2006). Predictors of college adjustment and academic persistence for Latino college students. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 66(11-B), 6273.
Hoffman, J. A. (1984). Psychological separation of late adolescents from their parents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 170-178.
Kagan, J. (1989). Temperamental contributions to social behavior. American Psychologist., 44(4), 668-674.
Kaya, N., & Weber, M. J. (2003). Privacy regulation and college adjustment: A comparison of American and Turkish freshmen living in residence halls. College Student Journal, 37(1), 79-92.
Keiko, T., & Naomi, M. (1994). Transition from home to college dormitory：the role of preestablished affective relationships in adjustment to a new life. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4(3), 367-384.
Kenny, M. E. (1987). Family ties and leaving home for college: Recent findings and implications. Journal of College Student Personnel, 28(5), 438-442.
Kenny, M. E. (1994). Quality and correlates of parental attachment among late adolescents. Journal of Counseling and Development, 72(4), 399-409.
Lapsley, D. K., & Edgerton, J. (2002). Separation-individuation, adult attachment style, and college adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80, 484-492.
Lapsley, D. K., Rice, K. G., & FitzGerald, D. P. (1990). Adolescent attachment, identity, and adjustment to college：implications for the continuity of adaptation hypothesis. Journal of Counseling and Development, 68, 561-565.
Lapsley, D. K., Rice, K. G., & Shadid, G. E. (1989). Psychological separation and adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 286-294.
Laursen, B., Coy, K. C., & Collins, W. A. (1998). Reconsidering changes in parent-child conflict across adolescence: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 69(3), 817-832.
Lease, C. A. (1995). Separation anxiety and adjustment to college: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering., 56(2-B) 1112.
Lefkowitz, E. T. (2003). Predicting adjustment to college: A model of personality, coping strategies and college adjustment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 64(6-B), 2972.
Leong, F. T. L., Bonz, M. H., & Zachar, P. (1997). Coping styles as predictors of college adjustment among freshmen. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 10(2), 211-220.
Lesser, E. L. (1999). Predicting adjustment to college: A comparison between international and American students. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 59(9-B), 5093.
Lopez, F. G. (1995). Contemporary attachment theory：an introduction with implications for counseling psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 23(3), 395-415.
Lyddon, W. J., Bradford, E., & Nelson, J. P. (1993). Assessing adolescent and adult attachment：a review of culture self-report measures. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 390-395.
Magnotti, M. A. (2005). The effects of separation from parents, attachment to parents, triangulation in marital conflict, and parental social support on college adjustment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 65(7-B), 3715.
Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of an insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. (Brazelton, T. B. & Yogman, M. W. ed. Vol. 161 ): US: Ablex Publishing.
Marmarosh, C. L., & Markin, R. D. (2007). Group and personal attachments: Two is better than one when predicting college adjustment. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 11(3), 153-164.
Matthews, T. B. (1999). The influence of parental attachment and coping style on the adjustment to college. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 59(7-A), 2364.
Melendez, N. B. (2005). A study of relationship values of collectivism and individualism, attachment patterns, and college adjustment among White, Black, and Latina/Hispanic students. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 66(1-B), 619.
Mikulincer, M. (1997). Adult attachment style and information processing: Individual differences in curiosity and cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(5), 1217-1230.
Mooney, S. P., Sherman, M. F., & lo Presto, C. T. (1991). Academic locus of control, self-esteem, and perceived distance from home as predictors of college adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69(5), 445-448.
Moore, D. (1987). Parent-adolescent separation: The construction of adulthood by late adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 23(2), 298-307.
Moore, N. D. (2003). The relationship of family environment and academic performance to college adjustment of first-generation, low-income college students after a summer program and fall semester transition. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 63(12-A), 4222.
Newman, B. M. (1989). The changing nature of the parent-adolescent relationship from early to late adolescence. Adolescence, 96, 915-924.
Paulson, S. E., & Sputa, C. L. (1996). Patterns of parenting during adolescence：perceptions of adolescents and parents. Adolescence, 31(122), 369-381.
Quinonez, C. (2002). Attachment, conflict management and adjustment to college. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 62(12-B), 6000.
Ramos-Sanchez, L., & Nichols, L. (2007). Self-efficacy of first-generation and non-first-generation college students: The relationship with academic performance and college adjustment. Journal of College Counseling, 10(1), 6-18.
Reynolds-Shaw, K. A. (2006). A comparative study of adjustment to college of first-generation and second-generation college students. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 67(4-A), 1224.
Rice, K. G. (1992). Separation-individuation and adjustment to college：a longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 203-213.
Rice, K. G., Cole, D. A., & Lapsley, D. K. (1990). Seperation-individuation, family cohesion, and adjustment to college：measurement validation and test of a theoretical model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2, 195-202.
Rice, K. G., FitzGerald, D. P., Whaley, T. J., & Gibbs, C. L. (1995). Cross-sectional and longitudinal examination of attachment, separation-individuation, and college student adustment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 463-474.
Rice, K. G., & Lopez, F. G. (2004). Maladaptive perfectionism, adult attachment, and self-esteem in college students. Journal of College Counseling, 7, 118-128.
Rodriguez, E. R. (1995). The role of psychological separation, ethnic identity, and worldview in college adjustment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 55(9-B), 4105.
Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, J. H. (1989). Emotional autonomy versus detachment: Revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood. Child Development, 60(2), 340-356.
Saferstein, J. A., Neimeyer, G. J., & Hagans, C. L. (2005). Attachment as a predictor of friendship qualities in college youth. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(8), 767-776.
Schaffner, A. D. (2005). Social, environmental, and spiritual factors in college adjustment. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 66(6-B), 3426.
Schneider, B. H., & Younger, A. J. (1996). Adolescent-parent attachment and adolescents' relations with their peers. Youth and Society, 28(1), 95-108.
Silver, A. R. (1995). College adjustment: Relationships to attachment security, separation-individuation, and style of coping. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 56(6-A), 2177.
Smith, A. W. (1995). Separation-individuation and coping: Contributions to freshman college adjustment. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 56(3), 0831.
Soucy, N., & Larose, S. (2000). Attachment and control in family and mentoring contexts as determinants of adolescent adjustment to college. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 125-143.
Strage, A. A. (1998). Family context variables and the deveopment of self regulation in college students. Adolescence, 33(129).
Styron, T., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1997). Childhood attachment and abuse: Long-term effects on adult attachment, depression and conflict resolution. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21(10), 1015-1023.
Sullivan, K., & Sullivan, A. (1980). Adolescent-parent separation. Developmental Psychology, 16(2), 93-99.
Tracy, R. L., & Ainsworth, M. S. (1981). Maternal affectionate behavior and infant-mother attachment patterns. Child Development., 52(4), 1341-1343.
vandenBoom, D. C., & Hoeksma, J. B. (1995). The effect of infant irritability on mothernfant interaction: A growth-curve analysis": Correction. Developmental Psychology, 31(2), 197.
Vogel, D. L., & Wei, M. (2005). Adult attachment and help-seeking intent: The mediating roles of psychological distress and perceived social support. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 347-357.
Wautier, G. A. (2000). Effects of ego identity status/type and gender role orientation on depression and anxiety in young adult college students with anxious or avoidant adult attachment styles. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 60(10-B), 5236.
Wearden, A., Perryman, K., & Ward, V. (2006). Adult attachment, reassurance seeking and hypochondriacal concerns in college students. . Journal of Health Psychology, 11 (6), 877-886.
Wei, M., Shaffer, P. A., Young, S. K., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, shame, depression, and loneliness: The mediation role of basic psychological needs satisfaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 591-601.
Wei, M., Vogel, T.-Y. K., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, affect regulation, negative mood, and interpersonal problems：the mediating roles of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff. . Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(1), 14-24.
Williams, D., & Schill, T. (1994). Adult attachment, love styles, and self-defeating personality characteristics. . Psychological Reports, 75(1), 31-34.
Willingham, H. A. (2007). Perceptions of parental emotional availability and students' adjustment to college. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 68(5-A), 1820.
Young, M. H., Miller, B. C., Norton, M. C., & Hill, E. J. (1995). The effect of parental supportive behavior on life satisfaction of adolescent offspring. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 813-822.
Zychowski, L. A. (2007). Academic and social predictors of college adjustment among first-year students: Do high school friendships make a difference? Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 68(1-B), 641.