美國哈佛大學自1636年建立以來，至今已380多年，從地區大學發展成為國際頂尖大學，其漫長的發展歷史脈絡與各任校長的領導教育理念及實踐方式息息相關。本研究以哈佛大學第22任校長伊利歐特為研究對象，其為歷任校長中在職時間最長的一位，長達40年，他是將哈佛大學由傳統帶往現代化大學的關鍵人物。本論文藉由探討1869年以前哈佛大學發展過程與伊利歐特的生平經歷，梳理伊利歐特高等教育理念的內容，並探討伊利歐特執掌哈佛大學時期所實踐之重大改革，闡述其改革成效與各方對其評價。本研究結論，其一、伊利歐特就任前的哈佛高等教育發展狀況；其二、伊利歐特高舉學術自由理念，以茲培育有教養的民主公民；其三、伊利歐特的成功可歸功於具前瞻視野與縝密的改革配套措施。最後，從伊利歐特的教育理念以及改革，對照現今台灣高等教育所面臨的環境與挑戰，建議台灣高等教育所或許可持有之態度與應對方針。

It has been 380 years since Harvard University established in 1636. From a regional college to an international leading university, its long history of development is closely related to the leading philosophies of education of each presidents and the practices of these presidents’ ideas. This study takes Harvard University's 22nd president Charles William Eliot as the research object. He has served as the president of the Harvard University for 40 years which is the longest. He transformed Harvard from a traditional university into a modern research university.
This study explores the history of Harvard before 1869 and the life experience of Eliot; reconstructs the content of Eliot's educational ideals of higher education; examines Eliot’s practices of chief reforms at the Harvard University, and elaborates the effectiveness of his reforms and the remarks from others’ evaluations. The results of this study have been stated as follow. Firstly, the development of Harvard higher education before Eliot serving as the president. Secondly, Eliot privileged the concept of academic freedom with the aim of cultivating democratic citizen with great educations. Thirdly, the success of Eliot can be attributed to having a foresight vision and meticulous supporting measures for reforming.
In conclusion, the study suggests possible attitudes and coping strategies that Taiwan higher education could have base on Eliot’s educational ideals and practices at the Harvard University.

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