什麼是南島，對誰來說？這篇論文旨在探討台灣在太平洋地區的醫療外交和文化外交如何想像南島身份，以及這對原住民族自主性和台灣主權的影響。我發現，文化外交依賴於情感邏輯，在這種邏輯中，共享的南島遺產是通過南島人民之間不言自明、類似家庭的親密關係來證明和維持的。另一方面，醫療外交則基於台灣與太平洋地區醫療系統之間固有的不對稱性，因此合理化了台灣醫療支持的持續提供和暗示的優越性。然而，我進一步論證，儘管在外觀和執行上有所不同，南島的文化和醫療外交在實際上扮演著互相依存的角色。具體來說，文化外交的作用在於緩解醫療外交中令人不悅的交易性質，而醫療外交則合理化了對文化外交的持續支持。儘管這些外交形式也導致了對「南島」的不同定義，但我主張，正是「南島」邊界的不明確，使其對台灣民族主義項目具有如此大的政治優勢。最後，我希望能想像另一種南島身份——一種「表述的」南島身份，允許原住民族在國家主導框架內外表達自主性。

What does it mean to be Austronesian, and for whom? This presentation specifically aims to explore how Austronesian identity is imagined by Taiwan’s medical diplomacy and cultural diplomacy in the Pacific region, and its consequences for Indigenous agency and Taiwanese sovereignty. I find that cultural diplomacy relies on a logic of affect, in which shared Austronesian heritage is proved and sustained by an unspoken, quasi-familial intimacy between Austronesian peoples. On the other hand, medical diplomacy is based on an inherent asymmetry between Taiwanese and Pacific healthcare systems, thus justifying the continued provision and implied superiority of Taiwanese medical support. However, I further argue that despite being separate in appearance and execution, Austronesian cultural and medical diplomacy serve mutually interdependent roles. Specifically, cultural diplomacy functions to smooth over the undesirably transactional nature of medical diplomacy, while medical diplomacy justifies the continued support of cultural diplomacy. While these versions of diplomacy also give rise to different definitions of “Austronesian,” I contend that it is precisely the ill-defined boundaries of “Austronesian” that make it so politically advantageous for the Taiwanese nationalist project. Finally, I seek to imagine yet another version of Austronesian-ness—an “articulated” Austronesian identity that allows Indigenous articulations of agency within and beyond state-led frameworks.

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