本研究主要針對α氫氧化鎳的合成與應用進行探討，建構出以奈米α氫氧化鎳作為其他衍生的相關研究，如：奈米氫氧化鎳的合成方法開發、奈米氫氧化鎳的粉體振實密度改良、鎳電極助導劑—氫氧化鈷的合成與應用、奈米氫氧化鎳漿料的粒子行為探討。
奈米氫氧化鎳的合成方法研究，主要是以半固相法與配位沉澱法兩種自行開發的合成方法作探討與比較。半固相法不同於文獻報導的合成方法，特色是反應時間只需30分鐘，前驅物濃度近飽和，反應所需鹼為固相粉體，所需額外能量僅為前驅物溶解時的60 °C溫控，製備出的粒子為40–50 nm的針狀結構，0.5C放電測試電容量為290 mAh/g，將製程放大由XRD分析顯示其結構仍為α氫氧化鎳，粉體經氮氣吸脫附實驗其BET表面積為62 m2/g；配位沉澱法則使用氨水與鎳離子形成錯合物，進而控制粒子的結晶與成長，產物為結晶性較佳的球形粒子，尺寸為25–40 nm，0.5C放電測試電容量為300 mAh/g，粉體經氮氣吸脫附實驗其BET表面積為81 m2/g。此二種方法獲得的粉末，其振實密度皆為1.0–1.1 g/cm3，皆為介孔材料。
氫氧化鎳振實密度改良部分，主要是以前述兩種合成方法製備的α氫氧化鎳粉末，各以等電位法與冷凍解凍法進行粉體的聚集，以提升粉末振實密度，粉末經過聚集後的結晶性不變，振實密度則提升至1.3–1.4 g/cm3，且其單位質量下的電容量也提升至330 mAh/g，這不但證明聚集方法可改善粉體間的堆積密度，增加振實密度，更可能改進了粒子間的質子傳遞，使得電容量亦有所提升。值得一提的是，冷凍解凍法所聚集的粒子並不會經重新震盪而分散，此一特性也更有利於未來粉體造粒的應用。
奈米氫氧化鈷的部分，由於前述兩種合成方法製備的α氫氧化鎳皆為奈米材料，因此過往所用的微米級助導劑並不適合用於此，本部分主要以開發奈米級的助導劑β氫氧化鈷為主，依先前較簡單快速的半固相法製備β氫氧化鈷，其粒子亦為40–50 nm的針狀結構，結晶性良好，混合α氫氧化鎳進行5C電流放電，結果顯示其電容量為230 mAh/g，優於一般市售Co助導劑。
奈米氫氧化鎳漿料的粒子行為探討部分，主要以配位沉澱法合成的α氫氧化鎳粒子作為漿料來源，並調整溶液的酸鹼度與固含量進行粒徑分析，由粒徑分析的數據推得一線性方程式描述溶液中的聚集速率與酸鹼度及固含量關係，另外由乾燥後的漿料進行表面積與振實密度分析，發現聚集的粒子行為會影響粒子的結構與粒徑分布，如振實密度，而聚集的快慢又受溶液的酸鹼度與固含量影響，由此，再推得一線性方程式描述乾燥後的粉末(凝聚)振實密度與表面電荷(zeta potential)及固含量關係。

Nickel hydroxide is the positive electrode material of Ni-Cd, Ni-Fe, and Ni-MH secondary batteries. The hydroxides of Ni(II) are known to crystallize in two polymorphic modifications known as α and β. α-Nickel hydroxide have attracted considerable attention over the past decade because of its higher theoretical capacity and better cycling stability than β-nickel hydroxide. In this dissertation, we focus on the synthesis, characterization and application of α-nickel hydroxide in Ni-Fe battery.
In chapter 3, the novel semi-solid reaction method and the coordinate precipitation method are developed to synthesize α-nickel hydroxide nanoparticles, and the particles are characterized using several techniques to determine their particle size, morphology, phase stability, tap density, surface area, and electrochemical capacity. The tap density of the particles is around 1.0–1.1 g/cm3, and the capacity is about 290–300 mAh/g under 0.5C condition. The size and morphology of particles synthesized by the semi-solid reaction is 40–50 nm long, needle-like structure. The product from the coordinate precipitation is 25–40 nm in diameter and sphere in shape.
In chapter 4, α-nickel hydroxide particles are aggregated by two different methods, i.e. isoelectric point method and freeze/thaw method. The results show that the primary nano-particles of α-Ni(OH)2 forms micro-sized particles, the tap density of α-nickel hydroxide increases to 1.3–1.4 g/cm3 and the capacity increases to 330 mAh/g through both methods. The primary particles of α-nickel hydroxide form hard agglomerates through the freeze/thaw method and remain aggregated even after sonication.
In chapter 5, β-cobalt hydroxide is synthesized by the semi-solid reaction, and the product has 40–50 nm long, needle-like structure. The conducting agent, β-cobalt hydroxide, is added to α-nickel hydroxide paste to prepare the nickel electrode, and the capacity of α-nickel hydroxide is 230 mAh/g under 5C, which is better than commercially purchased cobalt oxide powder.
In chapter 6, the spherical nanoparticles obtained by the coordinate precipitation method are used to prepare slurries for dynamical particle sizing test to investigate its coagulation behavior. The effects of both solid content and solution pH are studied. Generally, particles aggregate more rapidly when the solid content is high and when the solution pH is near its isoelectric point. The stability ratio, defined as the ratio of the fast coagulation rate to the present coagulation rate, is a fuction of these two parameters. We then develop an empirical equation to correlate this ratio to the solid content of the suspension and zeta potential of particles. We also develop another empirical equation to correlate the tap density of coagulated particles to both the solid content of the suspension and zeta potential of particles.

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