本論文研究主要在探討膠體粒子的製備以及應用於光子晶體、光催化、染料敏化太陽能電池之建構程序與性質表現。聚苯乙烯膠體粒子是經由無乳化劑乳化聚合方式製備，藉由改變乙烯基苯磺酸鈉共單體的添加量可以很容易的控制聚苯乙烯膠體粒子的粒徑。在本論文研究中依此聚合方式製備出介於100 nm~595 nm之聚苯乙烯膠體粒子且具有相當高之均勻性。在控制適當的溫度與粒子濃度下，聚苯乙烯膠體粒子可經由自組裝程序建構出大範圍、高品質且具有最密堆積的蛋白石週期性結構；以此聚苯乙烯蛋白石結構為模版，在本論文研究中也成功的經由電化學沈積方式製備出如金、銀、鎳、氧化鋅、二氧化鈦、聚吡咯等逆蛋白石結構，而所建構之三維蛋白石以及逆蛋白石結構均可觀察到明顯的光子能隙特徵。本研究也成功製備以三維光子晶體為主的光波導與感測器應用元件並有良好的表現。另外相較於一般介電材料所建立之蛋白石結構只具有虛能隙，本研究則利用雙模版以及電化學沈積方式製備出具有可見光區絕對光子能隙之金屬蛋白石結構。除了光子晶體的應用外，二氧化鈦奈米粒子負載於次微米級二氧化矽載體的膠體粒子系統也應用於光催化反應且具有高催化效率表現以及易於回收的優點，與商用二氧化鈦奈米光觸媒有相去不遠的光催化效率表現。最後則將二氧化鈦逆蛋白石之連續規則結構應用於染料敏化太陽能電池陽極並得到能量轉換效率4%的表現。

This research focuses mainly on the preparation and applications of colloidal spheres for photonic crystals, photo-catalysis, and dye-sensitized solar cells. The diameter of the polystyrene colloidal spheres can be fine-tuned by controlling the addition amounts of co-monomer in an emulsifier-free polymerization process. The diameter of the resulted polystyrene colloidal spheres can be adjusted to range from 100 nm to 595 nm with uniform size distributions. With an evaporation assisted self-assembly process, the obtained polystyrene colloidal spheres form large scale and good quality synthetic opal structures which possess periodic structures in the close-pack arrangement under controlled temperature and colloidal sphere concentrations. Inverse opal structures of a wide variety of materials such as gold, silver, nickel, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and polypyrrole were successfully prepared by using the polystyrene opal as the starting template and infiltrating the void with electrochemical deposition. Photonic band gaps were clearly identified in both opal and inverse opal structures. The feasibility of applications for building practical devices such as waveguides and sensors was demonstrated via the procedures developed in this research. As compared to the dielectric materials commonly used to construct three-dimensional photonic crystals, metallic opaline photonic crystals were successfully built via a double templated electrochemical deposition process and were demonstrated to possess absolute photonic band gaps in the visible range. In addition, the photo-catalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide coated sub-micron silica colloidal spheres was also investigated and showed a comparable efficiency as compared to commercial photocatalysts. Titanium dioxide inverse opals post-treated with titanium tetrachloride were also employed to serve as the anode in dye-sensitized solar cells and the resulted cells showed an overall conversion efficiency of 4%.

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