基於立體視覺的靜態模態分析｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	張晏暠 Chang, Yen Hao
論文名稱：	基於立體視覺的靜態模態分析 Static Modal Analysis Based on Stereo Vision
指導教授：	張禎元 Chang, Jen Yuan
口試委員:	張俊隆 Chang, Chun Lung 曹哲之 Tsao, Che Chih
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 動力機械工程學系 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	171
中文關鍵詞：	電腦視覺、立體視覺、三維掃描器、有限元素分析、模態分析
外文關鍵詞：	Computer vision, Stereoscopy, 3D scanner, FEA, Modal Analysis
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該研究主要聚焦在將電腦視覺的技術應用在機械工程上，在論文內容中會介紹並解釋電腦視覺中重要的背景知識。立體視覺是目前已知不需外加主動式光源的方法中最精準的演算法，因此該研究利用立體視覺的概念去重建試料的幾何模型並設計一套靜態的模態量測系統。重建出的模型將會與已知的材料特性一起輸入到商用的有限單元法分析軟體中去計算數值解，而計算出的結果將會與實驗設備量測的結果進行比較，並確立該系統的可行性。

The thesis focuses on the application of computer vision techniques in mechanical engineering. In the contents, the important elements of computer vision are introduced and explained. The stereoscopy is the most robust algorithm that does not have to apply active light sources and has the highest accuracy. Therefore, the study applies the concept of the stereo vision to design a static modal analysis system by reconstructing the geometrical model of specimen. The reconstructed model combined with the known material properties and boundary conditions served as the input to the commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software to compute the numerical solution. The calculated results will be compared with the experimental ones acquired by the measuring instruments. In the study, a system is established to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

ABSTRACT    II
摘要    III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT    IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS    V
LIST OF TABLES    VIII
LIST OF FIGURES    IX
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION    1
1 Background & motivation    2
2 Literature review    3
3 Methodology    6
CHAPTER 2 CAMERA CALIBRATION    7
1 The camera model and coordinate transformation    7
2 Extrinsic & intrinsic parameters    10
3 Calibration method    11
4 Distortion model    14
CHAPTER 3 IMAGE CORRESPONDENCE    16
1 Features    16
1.2 Structured light    17
2 Harris corner detection    19
3 Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm    20
3.1 Construct scale-space    21
3.2 Keypoint localization    22
3.3 Rejection of poor keypoints    23
3.4 Orientation assignment    23
3.5 Keypoint descriptor    24
CHAPTER 4 STEREO VISION    25
1 The general stereo vision system    25
2 The ideal stereo vision system    26
3 Essential matrix    27
4 Fundamental matrix    28
4.1 8-point algorithm    29
5 Baseline    30
6 Rectification    30
7 Depth resolution    33
CHAPTER 5 MODEL RECONSTRUCTION    36
1 Coordinate calculation    36
2 Depth of field (DOF)    36
CHAPTER 6 MODAL TESTING    40
1 Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) system    40
2 Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) system    43
2.1 Undamped MDOF system    44
2.2 Damped MDOF system    44
3 Signal processing    45
3.1 Aliasing    46
3.2 Discrete Fourier transform (DFT)    46
3.3 Fast Fourier transform (FFT)    47
3.4 Spectral leakage    49
3.5 Windowing    51
3.6 Digital frequency analyzer    54
CHAPTER 7 BUCKLING PROFILE    56
1 The Elastica    56
2 The derivation of curvature equation    57
3 The formation of buckled curve of fixed-fixed plates    60
4 The buckled curves of fixed-fixed plates with different bulging quantity    64
5 The manufacturing of curved plates    66
CHAPTER 8 MODAL ANALYSIS    67
1 The experiment platform    67
2 The experimental modal analysis equipment    69
3 The flow chart    70
4 The effect of depth resolution    71
5 Numerical modal analysis    74
5.1 Ideal model meshing    74
5.2 Real Model meshing    79
5.3 Mode shapes    81
6 Experimental modal analysis    89
6.1 FRF    90
6.2 Mode shapes    91
7 Discussion    102
CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION    105
CHAPTER 10 FUTURE WORK    106
REFERENCE    107
APPENDIX    109

                                

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