本論文提出一種焦耳熱應變感測元件，提供小區域形變定量及定位之技術，監測因形變導致之焦耳熱能差異並透過觀察表面小區域溫度分布獲取應變解析。針對不同量測精度及測定區範圍，透過微影及噴墨印刷製程製作感測元件，並藉由金屬材料選用、基材適用性、能量估算匹配及設計理論之實踐，證明不論是正向、負向彎曲之曲面或不均勻拉伸之區域皆能藉此技術呈現形變程度，且能針對全測定區進行應變解析。
研究初期經力學理論推導配合有限元素多重物理量耦合理論，對熱、電及受力進行分析，設計合適的元件及匹配的電流電壓，而後分別選擇機械性質良好之金屬利用微影製程製作感測元件。噴印製程採適應性良好奈米銀墨水噴製，並透過調變壓電元件供墨波形、噴頭施加電壓、噴頭溫度、墨滴間距、基板溫度、噴印高度及墨水與基材間作用力等，實現設計之應變感測元件。針對小區域應變及不均勻拉伸則分別利用微影元件與噴墨印刷元件進行交叉驗證比對，結果證明了小區域應變解析及全測定區應變分布監測可行性。除監測透過自然彎曲產生均勻形變之元件外，本研究亦利用微影元件進行小曲率半徑之監測，於塑性變形區域實踐了小曲率半徑之應變監控。噴印元件部分利用客製化夾治具模擬卷對卷軸偏時不均勻應變，於塑性變形區間進行量測，並藉由溫度應變資料庫比對，證明夾具所產生之應變對應溫度與數據庫相符，亦印證了噴印感測元件於塑性變形區間之適用性。
製程中採閃光燒結技術取代熱燒結，預先為與卷對卷製程垂直整合做準備，並透過覆蓋光固化樹脂達到提升感測靈敏度及降低雜訊之成效。透過此研究設計之系統將可實踐軟性電子於卷對卷製程軸偏之連續監測，可有效杜絕印刷滾軸偏差，提升印刷品質及良率。

A thermoresistive strain sensor composed of a meandering resistor and a substrate is realized by the roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing-compatible procedures in this study. The sensing principles of the thermoresistive strain sensor are based on Joule heating and infrared (IR) inspection. At the beginning of this research, the mechanic theory from the finite element multi-physical quantity coupling theory was confirmed. The operating conditions of heat, electricity, and force of the device, and appropriate operating current and voltage were taken into account. A serpentine metal line is patterned on a polymer substrate to form the strain sensor in accordance with thermoresistive behavior, and the strain sensor is subjected to either effective current or voltage to induce the Joule heating on the resistor. An infrared (IR) detector is used to monitor the strain-induced temperature difference and the minimal detectable bending radius is 0.87 mm with a gauge factor (GF) of 146. The proposed design eliminates the ambiguity of judgement compared with conventional resistive strain sensors, where resistance is the only physical factor. Moreover, consecutive operations of sensor patterning by an inkjet printing, material stabilization by flashlight sintering, thermal emission by Joule heating, and strain evaluation by IR inspection were successfully demonstrated by an in-line method, which indicated strains distributed in an arbitrary area of a transparent substrate. The thermoresistive strain sensor and its detection method can be applied in the evaluations of symmetric tension and compression to various extents, regardless of the form of power. In addition, the effectiveness of the detection method on off-axis or asymmetric substrate deformation was examined. Besides its tunable sensitivity and gauge factor for operational flexibility, the high sensitivity and the largest gauge factor existed. This study revealed that the device can be successfully used to analyze the local strains and perform the precise measurement.

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