中文摘要
發展快速、簡單、不貴且環保的樣本前處理技術，在分析化學中是非常重要的關鍵，傳統的液液相萃取法或固相萃取法等，對於分析環境中之微量污染物有著花費大量時間或有機溶劑的缺點。近年來，研究的趨勢是以傳統液液萃取法的原理，藉由大幅度降低萃相與被萃相比值(acceptor -to- donor phase ratio)，將傳統的LLE微小化，進而出現液相微萃液技術。配合使用中空纖維保護及加速有機溶劑在微體積(microvolumes)溶液中的萃取。此方法非常簡單、低價，在近乎不使用溶劑下，達到高靈敏度、濃縮的目的，同時亦能去除萃取物過度吸附(carry-over)的可能。因此本論文的研究動機是發展改良式的液相微萃取技術，配合氣相層析儀之分析方法，並將其運用在自然界中超微量有機物之測定。以下為各章節的主題與概要說明。
第一章為緒論，說明在發展經濟同時環境保護的重要性，提出本論文研究之目的，並介紹各章節中運用之分析技術的原理與特性。
第二章為利用液相微萃取法分析茶水及茶葉中之有機氯農藥。研究探討一般中空纖維液相微萃取法直接使用於基質複雜的茶水及茶葉中之可行性，除了分析時間的縮短，方法的簡便與靈敏度的提升外，並探討各項萃取參數之最佳化條件，與此技術之實際應用性，顯示可分析茶水及茶葉中超微量濃度之有機氯農藥。
第三章以溶劑降溫輔助液相微萃取法分析水中有機氯農藥。研究內容主要著重於將液相微萃取法應用於頂空分析，為克服溶劑揮發導致萃取時間過短的問題，故以溶劑降溫輔助系統延長萃取時間，增加萃取效能，除了方法靈敏度的提升外，並探討各項萃取參數之最佳化條件，與此技術之實際應用性，顯示可分析水中超微量濃度之有機氯農藥。
第四章之內容為動態頂空增長時間螺旋式液相微萃取法技術，並應用於水溶液樣品中微量有機氯農藥之分析。當使用溶劑降溫輔助系統延長萃取時間時，在中空纖維中容易產生氣泡，導致再現性下降。本研究中利用螺旋式中空纖維修正問題。另一方面，將大量的萃取液直接注入氣相層析儀，亦可提高其分析訊號，增加方法的靈敏度。研究中探討中空液相微萃取法的最佳化參數，並與固相微萃取法加以比較。其方法偵測極限可達到ppt以下。
第五章之內容是動態頂空增長時間螺旋式液相微萃取法技術與其應用。以螺旋式液相微萃取法增長萃取時間及增加萃取溶劑體積，提升萃取效率。本研究中討論了各項最佳化參數，以及應用在水樣中有機氯農藥的分析。
第六章則將上述開發的數種分析方法做簡單的整理，並展望未來分析技術可能的進展與應用。

Abstract
The development of faster, simpler, less expensive and more environment-friendly sample-preparation techniques is an important issue in chemical analysis. In this work, four analytical methods based on liquid-phase microextraction were described. The developed methods have been applied to the analysis of trace organic pollutants in different sample matrices such as water or tea.
Recent research trends involve miniaturisation of the traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) principle by greatly reducing the acceptor-to-donor phase ratio. One of the emerging techniques in this area is liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), where a hollow fibre impregnated with an organic solvent is used to accommodate or protect microvolumes of acceptor solution. This novel methodology proved to be an extremely simple, low-cost and virtually solvent-free sample-preparation technique, which provided a high degree of selectivity and enrichment by additionally eliminating the possibility of carry-over between runs.
The current research focused on developing improved liquid-phase microextraction. The most important parameters and practical considerations for method optimisation are also discussed. The results show that these sample-preparation techniques coupled with mass spectrometric detection or electron capture detection could determinate the trace organic pollutants in the low ppb or ppt level.

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