假設有兩個族群，分別從中觀察一組多項樣本，記錄下種類及其觀察到的數量。
利用電腦模擬分析來比較兩個族群之共同種類數與相似指數估計量的表現。且以Simth, Solow and Preston（1996）珊瑚礁地區螃蟹數據與陳俞成等人（1995）溪口鳥類資料，為應用之實例，並採用重抽法（bootstrap sampling）求出估計量之標準差。

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