K頻段CMOS四相位壓控振盪器設計｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	李思穎 Li, Sih-Ying
論文名稱：	K頻段CMOS四相位壓控振盪器設計 Design of Millimeter-Wave CMOS K-band Quadrature Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
指導教授：	劉怡君 Liu, Yi-Chun
口試委員:	謝秉璇 Hsieh, Ping-Hsuan 李俊興 Li, Chun-Hsing
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電子工程研究所 Institute of Electronics Engineering
論文出版年：	2018
畢業學年度：	106
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	83
中文關鍵詞：	四相位振盪器、壓控振盪器、K頻段
外文關鍵詞：	90nm
相關次數：	點閱：1 下載：0
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近年來，通訊系統的革新與速度提升成為產業界一項指標，鑒於半導體製造業日漸成熟，高速傳輸資料的需求愈來愈多，電子產品朝著低成本且性能佳的方向進行，操作頻率也逐漸提高以增加操作頻寬，因此射頻(Radio Frequency)收發端系統變得相當重要。
射頻收發系統包含功率放大器(PA)、低雜訊放大器(LNA)、壓控振盪器(VCO)、混頻器(Mixer)和天線(Antenna)，此論文針對壓控振盪器的架構特性與改善作討論，此論文操作在K頻帶(18~27 GHz)通訊系統，其應用包含汽車雷達、高速通訊、衛星通訊和生醫影像傳輸等等，受到業界應用上的青睞。
此論文探討了三個四相位壓控振盪器設計，使用90奈米互補式金屬氧化物半導體(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, CMOS)製程實現電路設計。第一個設計運用串接耦合架構達到四相位，振盪在22.4 GHz具有0.8 dBm的功率與-98.9 dBc/Hz的相位雜訊，且具有3.5%的調頻範圍。在第二個設計中，運用三組交叉耦合對達到四相位效果，其振盪頻率為24 GHz，輸出功率和相位雜訊分別為-0.8 dBm和-102.4 dBc/Hz，具有10%的調頻範圍。最後一個設計使用電流再利用的架構可降低整體電路消耗的功率，根據模擬結果，振盪在23 GHz，消耗功率和相位雜訊分別為4.3 mW和-97.6 dBc/Hz。

Recently, the increasing demand for high-data-rate communication system becomes a main target for the device manufacturers. Thanks to the mature semiconductor manufacturing, more and more consumer electronics become inexpensive and can achieve high performance. Also, the operating frequency shifts up for wider bandwidth for even higher speed operation. Therefore, radio frequency (RF) transceiver system becomes significant.
RF transceiver front-ends consist of power amplifier (PA), low noise-amplifier (LNA), voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), mixers, and antenna. In this thesis, the goal is to improve the performance of VCO that operates in K-band (18 to 27 GHz). Various applications such as collision avoidance systems, satellite communications, and radar speed guns utilize in this frequency band.
In this thesis, three quadrature voltage-controlled oscillators (QVCO) are proposed with different structures in a 90-nm CMOS process. In work I, by using series-coupled structure, quadrature signals are obtained. The oscillation frequency and output power are 22.4 GHz and 0.8 dBm with 3.5% tuning range and -98.9 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1-MHz offset frequency. In work II, three cross-coupled pairs are used to generate quadrature signals. It oscillates at 24 GHz with 10% tuning range. The output power and phase noise are -0.8 dBm and -102.4 dBc/Hz, respectively. The last work uses the transformer-feedback current-reused structure to reduce the power consumption. The operation frequency is 23 GHz with 4.3 mW of power consumption and -97.6 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1-MHz offset frequency.

摘要    i
ABSTRACT    ii
Contents    i
List of Figures    iv
List of Table    viii
Chapter 1    Introduction    1
1.    Introduction to Millimeter-Wave    1
2.    K-band Standards and Applications    2
3.    Thesis Organization    3
Chapter 2    Overview of Oscillator    5
1.    Introduction    5
2.    Oscillator Fundamentals    6
2.1    Feedback System of Oscillators [4]    6
2.2    LC-Tank Oscillator    7
3.    Important Parameters for Oscillator    11
3.1    Frequency    11
3.2    Output Amplitude    12
3.3    Phase Noise    14
3.4    Power Dissipation    20
Chapter 3    Passive and Active Components    21
1.    90-nm CMOS Process    21
2.    Active Device    24
3.    Passive Device    26
3.1    Inductor    26
3.2    Transformer    29
3.3    MOS Varactor    33
Chapter 4    A Tunable Quadrature Voltage-Controlled Oscillator at K-band    35
1.    Literature Survey    35
1.1    Quadrature Coupling Methods    35
1.2    Quality Factor Improvement    39
1.3    Capacitive Feedback    41
2.    Circuit Design    44
2.1    Design Flow    44
2.2    Design Parameters    45
3.    Measurement Results    49
4.    Discussion and Conclusion    52
Chapter 5    A Three-Cross-Coupled Quadrature Oscillator at K-Band    54
1.    Literature Survey    54
1.1    Generate Quadrature Signals    54
1.2    Capacitance-Splitting Technique    56
2.    Circuit Design    58
2.1    Design Parameters    58
3.    Measurement Results of Work II    62
3.1    Measurement Results    63
4.    Discussion and Conclusion    65
Chapter 6    A Current-Reused Quadrature Voltage-controlled Oscillator    67
1.    Literature Survey    67
1.1    Current-Reused Structure    67
2.    Circuit Design    69
2.1    Design Parameters    69
3.    Simulation Results    74
4.    Discussion and Conclusion    77
Chapter 7    Conclusion and Future Work    79
Reference    81


                                

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