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研究生: 鄭嘉津
Chia-Chin Cheng
論文名稱: 高維空間中的不連續對稱
Discrete Symmetries in Higher Dimensions
指導教授: 張達文
Darwin Chang
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 物理學系
Department of Physics
論文出版年: 2001
畢業學年度: 89
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 73
中文關鍵詞: 不連續對稱電荷共軛宇稱時間反演高維度
外文關鍵詞: discrete symmetry, charge conjugation, parity, time-reversal, higher dimensions
相關次數: 點閱:3下載:0
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  • 本文主要的目的是:檢驗在高維度場論中的不連續對稱,如電荷共軛、宇稱、時間反演。
    第一章,藉由羅倫茲轉換定義本文所用的符號,並導出羅倫茲群生成元的旋量表示 Clifford 代數之間的關係。在本章最後,引進 Clifford 代數的旋量表示,這個表示法可以在任意維度下製造出一組特別的狄拉克矩陣的表示。

    第二章,首先考慮一個時間維度下,不同的 Clifford 代數的表示之間彼此的同等性。接著,利用這個同等性質討論羅倫茲群的可約性。考慮手徵條件和 Majorana 條件以約化羅倫茲表示。

    第三章,遵循和第二章相同的步驟,考慮任意時空維度的情況。首先,由旋量表示法,我們可以寫下 Clifford 代數的一組特定的表示。然後檢驗狄拉克矩陣的性質並列於表3.1及表3.2。接著,討論羅倫茲群的可約性。討論手徵條件和 Majorana 條件並將結果列於表3.3。

    第四章,藉由旋量表示法開始討論不連續對稱。狄拉克方程不變的要求,使我們得以寫下所有和不連續對稱相關的算符。這些結果列於表4.1。

    第五章,以場論的方式檢驗在第四章中得到的這些算符是否正確。明確的寫下旋量場的形式(也就是狄拉克方程的解),將不連續對稱相關的算符作用在旋量場上,檢驗這些算符是否正確。

    在第六章中,我們發現在任意維度中都可能寫下一個 Majorana 質量項。檢驗任意維度下,這個質量項在宇稱、時間反演轉換下的性質。


    We examine the discrete symmetries $\hat C$
    (charge conjugation), $\hat P$ (parity) and $\hat T$ (time

    reversal) in higher-dimensional field theories.

    In the first chapter, we set up the notation by working out the

    Lorentz transformation, and by deriving a relation between the

    spinor representation of the generators of Lorentz group and the

    Clifford algebra. Finally, we introduce the spinor representation

    which is an useful method to produce a specific representation of

    $\gamma$-matrices in any dimension.

    In the second chapter, we first consider the equivalence of

    different representations of the Clifford algebra in single-time

    dimension of signature (1,$d_-$). Then, using this representation

    of Clifford algebra , we discuss whether a representation of

    Lorentz group is reducible or not. Two conditions, Chiral

    condition and Majorana condition, are introduced to reduce the

    Lorentz representations.

    In the third chapter, following the same procedure as in Chapter

    2, we consider the arbitrary ($d_+,d_-$) dimensions. First, using

    the spinor representation method, one can produce a special

    representation of the Clifford algebra. The properties of

    $\gamma$-matrices are list in Table 3.1 and Table 3.2. Then we

    discuss whether this representation is irreducible or not. The

    Chiral as well as the Majorana Conditions in arbitrary dimensions

    are discussed and the result is listed in Table 3.3.

    In chapter 4, we start to discuss the discrete symmetries using

    the special spinor representation. Demanding that the Dirac

    equation is invariant under these discrete transformations, we can

    write down all the operators associated with the discrete

    symmetries. The results are listed in Table 4.1.

    In chapter 5, we will check these operators associated with $\hat

    C$,$\hat P$,$\hat T$ deduced in the chapter 4 in the field theory.

    Writing explicity down the spinor-field (which is the solutions of

    the Dirac equation) and how the discrete symmetries act on the

    spinor-field to check if these operators correct.

    In chater 6, we find it is possible to write down a Majorana mass

    term in arbitrary dimensions. We exam the parity and time-reversal

    properties of the Majorana mass term in arbitrary dimensions.

    Introduction................................................4 1. Lorentz Transformation 7 1.1 Lorentz Transformation...............................7 1.2 Dirac Matrices......................................10 1.3 Spinor Representation of Clifford Algebra In The Single-Time Space............................13 2. Irreducible Representations For Single-Time Space.......19 2.1 Classification......................................19 2.2 Irreducible Representations of Lorentz Group........22 3. The Gamma Matrices in Arbitrary $(d_+,d_-)$ Dimension...25 3.1 The Case of $\eta^{\mu\nu}=(2m,d_-)$ ...............25 3.2 The Case of $\eta^{\mu\nu}=(2m+1,d_-)$ .............27 3.3 Irreducible Representations.........................28 4. The Discrete Symmetries.................................33 4.1 The Lorentz Scalar..................................33 4.2 The dimension $d=(2m+1,d_-)$ case...................36 4.2.1 The even dimension case.......................36 4.2.2 The odd dimension case d=2n+1 ................41 4.3 The dimension $d=(2m,d_-)$ case.....................43 4.3.1 The even dimension case.......................43 4.3.2 The odd dimension case d=2n+1 ................46 5. Example 51 5.1 The discrete symmetries of one-particle state.......51 5.1.1 Paraty........................................51 5.1.2 Time-reversal.................................53 5.1.3 Charge conjugation............................53 5.2 In the space-time with signature (1,3)..............54 5.2.1 The Massive particles.........................54 5.2.2 The Massless particles........................58 5.3 In the space-time with signature (1,4)..............60 5.3.1 The Massive particles.........................61 5.3.2 The Massless particles........................64 6. The Majorana mass term 67 6.1 The dimension $d=(2m+1,d_-)$ case...................68 6.1.1 The even dimensions...........................68 6.1.2 The odd dimensions............................68 6.2 The dimension $d=(2m,d_-)$ case.....................69 6.2.1 The even dimensions...........................69 6.2.2 The odd dimensions............................70

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    Massless Spinors in More Than Four Dimensions, Nucl. Phys.
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