本篇論文探討兩大主題。首先是探討聚苯胺含硫烷取代基製成薄膜的彈性膜數（elastic modulus）、載子遷移率（mobility）及橫切結構與不同攪拌時間的關係。聚苯胺利用硫醇進行同步還原與取代反應（CRS，concurrent reduction and substitution）合成聚苯胺含硫烷取代基衍生物。以N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP，N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone）作為溶劑，並且在隔絕空氣的環境下以每分鐘150轉攪拌。經歷不同攪拌時間後製成自組裝薄膜，並利用原子力顯微鏡(AFM)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM)及X-射線繞射(X-ray diffraction，XRD)分析測得在不同時間的攪拌下，彈性、結構排列程度、導電程度的變化關係。從掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM)及X-射線繞射(X-ray diffraction)結果可知：隨著攪拌時間增長，製成的自組裝薄膜橫切面逐漸從孔洞狀、不規則狀變成較為規則及層狀結構。除此之外也同時將原子力顯微鏡測量結果利用Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) model得到彈性模數以及導電原子力顯微鏡得到電流與電壓關係圖，並進一步利用Mott-Gurney equation得到載子遷移率。我們發現在不規則狀、孔洞狀的情況下，彈性模數及載子遷移率都相對小，並隨著層狀結構出現而變佳。然而在攪拌過了適當時間，薄膜橫切結構不規則程度又逐漸提升，進而影響成膜後的性質。這些結果應用在調控導電高分子的成膜性質相當有用，尤其在製作過程中就不需要再加入添加劑，成本相對較低廉。可以在未來作為製作高分子薄膜的重要參考。
本論文另一主題是探討利用特定角度的外加電場方向提高癌症檢驗晶片檢測的效率。在這部分實驗裡，以癌胚胎抗原相關細胞黏附分子1 （carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules 1 (CEACAM1)）及癌胚胎抗原相關細胞黏附分子5 （carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules 5 (CEACAM5)）塗抹於原子力顯微鏡探針。而抗體（anti-CEACAM5，anti-CEACAM1）則是利用液滴塗佈（drop casting）的方式滴在矽晶片上，並利用不同外加電場角度在沉降過程中影響抗體最終固著在矽晶片上的方向。利用原子力顯微鏡測量抗原抗體之間在不同電場角度下的結合力大小，我們發現在特定角度（CEACAM5：225o/270o，CEACAM1：135o/180o）下結合力較大。在此外加電場的角度下，抗體的結合部位將和探針上的抗原結合程度較佳，進而提高檢驗訊號強度及效率。利用矽晶片找出最佳電場角度後，我們製成半導體奈米線元件，將抗體作液滴塗布在奈米線上，同時施加不同外加電場。測量在不同角度接上抗原前後的電流變化量，我們發現在施加特定角度的外加電場時不只是可以觀測出是否接上抗原，變化量也相對較大。將來在癌症預防檢測上這項技術我們認為是有極大的應用機會以及突破。

The studies in this dissertation involve two major topics. The first part investigated the relationships between the elastic modulus, the carrier mobility, and the cross-section morphology of the films cast from the NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) solution of butylthio-substituted polyaniline (Pan-SBu) after being stirred for different times. Pan-SBu was synthesized by concurrent reduction and substitution (CRS) method from polyaniline emeraldine base (EB form of Pani) with 1-butanethiol. The NMP solution of Pan-SBu (0.02 M) was prepared by stirring at 150 rpm under N2 atmosphere. Self-assembled Pan-SBu films were cast from the solution after being stirred for different times. Atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze and measure the changes in elasticity, structural arrangement degree, and conductivity vs stirring times. The SEM and X-ray diffraction results together showed that the cross-section of the self-assembled films gradually changed from porous and irregular structures to more regular and laminar layer structures as the stirring time increased. In addition, the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) model was used to obtain the elastic modulus from the atomic force microscope measurement results, and the current-voltage relationship diagram was obtained from the conductive atomic force microscope. Furthermore, carrier mobility was obtained using the Mott-Gurney equation. We found that the elastic modulus and carrier migration rate were relatively low in the case of irregular and porous structures and became better with the appearance of laminar layer structures. However, after an optimal stirring time, the irregularity of the film’s cross-sectional structure gradually increased, which showed detrimental effects to the properties of the film after its appearance. These results provide a simple, economical, and feasible method for manipulating the film-forming properties of a conjugated conductive polymer, like polyaniline.
The second part of this dissertation investigates the effect of applying an electric field in specific angular directions for improving the detection efficiency of cancer screening chip. In this part of the experiment, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules 1 (CEACAM1) and CEA-related cell adhesion molecules 5 (CEACAM5) were coated on atomic force microscopy probes. The antibodies (anti-CEACAM5, anti-CEACAM1) were first drop-casting on the silicon wafer and following by the application of an electric field at different angles, trying influence the final fixation direction of the antibody on the silicon wafer during the sedimentation process. Using an atomic force microscope to measure the binding force between the antigen drop-casting on the AFM’s probe and the antibody drop-casting on the silicon wafer after being pre-effected by an electric field at different angles, we found that the binding force is more prominent at some specific angles (e.g., CEACAM5: 225o/270o, CEACAM1: 135o/180o). The results further implied that, after being treated with electric field at these specific angles the antibody's binding site can display a better binding efficiency with the antigen, which in turn can further improve the strength and efficiency of the test signal. Basing on the learning of the optimal application angles of electric field with these silicon wafer samples, we have then fabricated a semiconductor nanowire device accordingly. Then, the nanowire device was coated with a droplet of antibodies while applying an external electric field at the specific angles. By measuring the current change, before and after the antigen was connected, at different angles, we found that if antibody coating has been pretreated with an external electric field at the specific angles, not only the antibody can effectively connect with the antigen, but also showed the relatively greater current change. We believe this technology will have significant application opportunities for cancer detection in the future.

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