交通事故是一項嚴重的社會問題，如何防制交通事故的發生是政府的重要課題。一般認為加強執法力度可以降低交通事故的發生，傳統執法方式主要依賴警察和監理機關執法人員依職權攔停盤查取締或蒐證舉發。自1997年起，我國修法新增民眾檢舉交通違規制度，使民眾可參與交通違規監控，以彌補警力不足，期望民眾能協助共創良好的道路交通環境。然而，該制度近年來屢受爭議，造成民怨四起。
本研究蒐集苗栗縣內2020年至2023年四年間共計48個月的月統計資料，並將這些資料依苗栗縣警察局所屬5個警察分局進行分類迴歸分析。研究結果顯示，警察機關取締數對交通事故發生呈顯著正相關，民眾檢舉部分重點違規行為亦呈顯著正相關。這一結果解釋為，不同違規行為對交通事故的影響程度不一，警察根據專業判斷和經驗法則，重點取締風險性高的交通違規行為。因此，警察取締數越多，迴歸分析顯示交通事故發生的頻率有增加的趨勢。然而，這一關係並不意味著警察取締與交通事故之間存在因果關係，僅代表民眾檢舉與警察機關取締數對交通事故具有相關性。另研究結果亦顯示，藉由民眾檢舉特定交通違規行為，可在一定程度上降低特定分類之交通事故件數增加，是類特定交通違規項目，可作為未來政府修法方向，引導民眾對特定違規行為加以針對性的檢舉。
此結果引發了一些政策上的反思。首先，僅僅依賴執法力度並不足以全面解決交通事故問題。需要更多的教育和宣傳，增強民眾的交通安全意識，減少違規行為的發生。此外，應考慮提升道路設計和基礎設施，以提供更安全的行車環境。
雖然本研究的迴歸結果未能完全克服潛在的估計偏誤，但部分估計結果仍表明，警察的取締和民眾的檢舉能夠集中在交通事故風險較高的違規行為上，長期而言，應能有效降低交通事故的發生。

Traffic accidents are a serious social issue, and preventing their occurrence is a significant task for the government. It is generally believed that strengthening law enforcement can reduce the incidence of traffic accidents. Traditional enforcement methods mainly rely on police and traffic authorities to stop, inspect, and issue citations or gather evidence for prosecution based on their authority. Since 1997, our country has amended the law to introduce a public reporting system for traffic violations, allowing the public to participate in traffic violation monitoring to compensate for insufficient police forces, with the hope that the public can help create a better road traffic environment. However, this system has been controversial in recent years, causing widespread public dissatisfaction.
This study collected monthly statistical data over 48 months from 2020 to 2023 in Miaoli County, classified according to the five police precinct under the Miaoli County Police Bureau. The regression results indicate that the number of police citations is significantly positively correlated with the occurrence of traffic accidents, and certain key violations reported by the public also show a significant positive correlation. This result is interpreted to mean that different violations have varying impacts on traffic accidents, and the police, based on professional judgment and empirical rules, focus on citing high-risk traffic violations. Therefore, the more citations issued by the police, the more the regression analysis shows a trend of increased traffic accident frequency. However, this relationship does not imply a causal link between police citations and traffic accidents; it only indicates a correlation between public reports and police citations and traffic accidents. The study results also indicate that public reporting of specific traffic violations can to some extent reduce the increase in the number of certain types of traffic accidents. These specific traffic violations can be considered as a direction for future government amendments to the law, guiding the public to target these violations for reporting.
This finding prompts some policy reflections. Firstly, relying solely on law enforcement is not sufficient to comprehensively address the traffic accident issue. More education and publicity are needed to enhance public awareness of traffic safety and reduce the occurrence of violations. Additionally, considerations should be made to improve road design and infrastructure to provide a safer driving environment.
Although the regression results of this study only show correlation, the estimated results still suggest that police citations and public reports can focus on high-risk traffic violations, and in the long run, should effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.

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