柏拉圖於《理想國篇》第十卷討論詩歌時，首先將畫家類比到詩人，我將此類比詮釋為柏拉圖對模仿的漸進式加重批判。模仿者以不需要知識的方式模仿事物呈現出的樣子，亦即模仿圖像，因此模仿的產物是距離真理的第三序位，在存有論層級上十分低微，卻會影響靈魂。本文以一重構論證指出第十卷的靈魂的非理性部分中有兩個靈魂部分，為和不加反思地接受事物呈現出的樣子相關的部分與和痛苦相關的部分。根據此重構論證，我指出繪畫僅以知覺錯覺影響和不加反思地接受事物呈現出的樣子相關的部分，而詩歌不僅以影響信念系統或知識系統的方式影響和不加反思地接受事物呈現出的樣子相關的部分，也會增強和痛苦相關的部分——此為柏拉圖對詩歌的指控的核心，亦即詩歌使靈魂耽溺於痛苦和哀嘆以尋求愉悅，同時削弱理性部分對和痛苦相關的部分的控制，詩歌以此方式腐化理性能力並不完美的高貴的人，因此柏拉圖於第十卷將模仿性的詩歌、模仿性的詩人驅逐出理想城邦。柏拉圖於第三卷允准對高貴的人的不混合的模仿者留在理想城邦中，而我認為柏拉圖在第十卷與第三卷對於應當被驅除的模仿的結論一致，亦即對圖像的模仿不能留在他的城邦中。

I argue that in Plato’s Republic 10 the ontological inferiority of imitation (μίμησις) is closely associated with the detriments of imitation on human soul, and that the same type of poetry is banished in both Book 3 and Book 10. Plato points out that imitation is simply an image on the ontological level by introducing a comparison between painter and poet. I consider this comparison as part of Plato’s criticisms on imitation, which proceed in a progressively intensifying manner. With a view to revealing the connection between the ontological and psychological problems of imitation, I reconstruct the psychological model that is suggested in the argument in Republic 10, 602c1-606a7, arguing that imitative poetry influences two irrational parts of soul: the part that is related to the uncritical acceptance of appearances, and the part that is related to the pain. I argue that, because of the multicolored character of imitative poetry, the audience can be very misled, particularly in respect of the acquisition and practice of virtue, by the acceptance of appearances without hesitation. Furthermore, imitative poetry fosters the part of soul that is related to the pain, engendering the indulgence in lamentation and pursuit in pleasure. In this way, imitative poetry undermines the imperfect rationality of noble people, which is the reason why Plato banishes imitative poetry. Finally, I argue that in Book 3 and Book 10 Plato casts out the imitators who reproduce or imitate images while preserving the imitators who emulate the deeds of noble people, since they are helpful in educating the citizens and their children in his ideal polis-state.

一、柏拉圖《理想國篇》希臘文原著：
Slings, S. R. (2003). Platonis Rempublicam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Murray, P. (2008). Plato on Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

二、柏拉圖《理想國篇》英文翻譯：
Grube, G.M.A. (1992). Republic. Hackett Publishing Company.

三、二手文獻：
Annas, Julia. (1981). An Introduction to Plato’s Republic, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Asmis, Elizabeth. (1993). “Plato on Poetic Creativity”, Cambridge: The Cambridge Companion to Plato.
Belfiore, Elizabeth. (1984). “A Theory of Imitation in Plato’s Republic”, Johns Hopkins University Press: Transactions of the American Philological Association, Vol. 114, pp. 121-146.
Burnyeat, Myles F. (1997). Culture and Society in Plato’s Republic, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
Griswold, Charles L. (1981). “The Ideas and the Criticism of Poetry in Plato’s Republic, Book 10”, Johns Hopkins University Press: Journal of the History of Philosophy, Vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 135-150.
Janaway, Cristopher. (2006). “Plato and the Arts”, Blackwell: A Companion to Plato.
Jeng, I-Kai. (2020). “Ways of Discourse and Ways of Life, Plato on the Conflict Between Poetry and Philosophy”, John Wiley & Sons: Metaphilosophy, Vol. 51, no. 2-3, pp. 318-334.
Moss, Jessica. (2007). “What Is Imitative Poetry and Why It Is Bad?” Cambridge: The Cambridge Companion to Plato.
Nehamas, Alexander. (1982). “Plato on Imitation and Poetry in Republic 10”, American Philosophical Quarterly: Plato on Beauty, Wisdom, and the Arts.
Pappas, Nickolas. (2008). “Plato’s Aesthetics”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-aesthetics/
王志輝（2023）。〈柏拉圖在《理想國》中的詩作批判〉。《東吳哲學學報》，46，1-39。
何畫瑰（2003）。《走出演說術的迷陣--柏拉圖早至中期作品中哲學與詩的爭執》。﹝博士論文。國立臺灣大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/43hbhd。