在情侶關係裡，即時通訊是雙方身處異地時維繫彼此存在感與關係緊密度的一種溝通管道。然而，在即時通訊裡，從接收訊息到回覆訊息之間存在的時間差可能違背情侶雙方對彼此的預期。但我們對這樣非意圖或意圖性延遲如何影響情侶關係的認知仍有限。
因此本研究從違反預期理論的觀點來檢視情侶間如何在延遲的即時通訊中建構、感知並運用對彼此的認知來消除預期違背。我們招募十六對情侶進行為期七天的日誌研究，並將日誌紀錄作為索引來進行後續一對一的訪談，發現情侶間會運用不同型態的共同基礎，包含狀態、過程、情境，來解讀、消除延遲的即時通訊，而後我們進一步根據研究發現提出理論性與實務性的建議。

In romantic relationships, Instant Messaging (IM) can serve as a communication channel to maintain a sense of mutual presence and relational closeness when being physically separated. However, in IM, there can exist time delay for people to receive and reply to incoming messages, which may violate romantic partner’s mutual expectation. Limited understanding is available around how unintended and intended delays affect the relationship of romantic partners.
Drawing on Expectancy Violations Theory, this work examines how romantic partners grow, perceive, and use mutual knowledge about each other in delayed IM to resolve the expectancy violation. We conducted a 7-day diary study on 16 pairs of romantic couples and used the diary entries as probes for post-study one-on-one interviews. Our findings show that couples employ different strategies of information grounding to parse and resolve delayed IM, namely status grounding, process grounding, and context grounding. Based on these findings, we propose several theoretical and practical implications.

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