本研究主旨為探究貿易自由化對於企業創新表現的影響。利用台灣電子業上市與上櫃公司1990至2015年期間的廠商層面資料，創新的表現則是以企業每年的發明專利申請數量作為衡量。由於過度分散與零膨脹的問題，因此以零膨脹負二項模型進行估計。結果顯示，出口行為與加入WTO對於專利申請數的提升皆有正面影響，雖然我們不能肯定產生影響的具體機制為何，但在實證結果中我們發現貿易自由化促進廠商創新表現的情況確實存在於台灣電子產業中。

This thesis aims to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on firm innovation. We measure the performance of innovation by the number of patent applications at the enterprise level. The empirical analysis uses the firm-level data from Taiwan’s electronics industry from 1990 to 2015 combined with the patent data. Due to the problem of overdispersion and zero-inflation, we adopt zero-inflated negative binomial model in the empirical analysis. The results show that exports and accession to WTO have a positive impact on the number of patent applications. Although we can not specify which mechanism have dominant influence, our findings suggest that trade liberalization promotes innovation in Taiwan’s electronics industry.

中文文獻：
徐秀琴與劉維新，2006。『「代工」困境：台灣產業轉型的迷思』，台灣社會學會年會會議。
楊志海與陳忠榮。2002。「研究發展，專利與生產力—台灣製造業的實證研究」，
經濟論文叢刊，30（1），頁27-48。
陳達仁、張瀚文、黃慕萱、傅豐誠。2005。「由專利技術分布看台灣重點經濟產業之發展歷程」，科技管理學刊,，10（1），頁43-72。
英文文獻：
Aghion, Philippe, Antonin Bergeaud, Matthieu Lequien, and Marc Melitz, 2017, “The Impact of Exports on Innovation: Theory and Evidence,” NBER Working Paper No. 24600
Aghion, Philippe, Nicholas Bloom, Richard Blundell, Rachel Griffith, and Peter Howitt, 2005, “Competition and Innovation: An Inverted U Relationship,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120（2）, 701–728.
Aghion, Philippe, Stefan Bechtold, Lea Cassar, and Holger Herz, 2014, “The Causal Effects of Competition on Innovation: Experimental Evidence,” NBER Working Paper No. 19987.
Almodóvar, Paloma, Javier Saiz-Briones, and Brian S. Silverman, 2014, “Learning through foreign market participation: the relative benefits of exporting, importing, and foreign direct investment,” The Journal of Technology Transfer, 39（6）, 915–944.
Aw, Bee Yan, Mark J. Roberts, and Daniel Yi Xu, 2008, “R&D Investments, Exporting, and the Evolution of Firm Productivity,” American Economic Review, 98（2）, 451–456.
Backer, Koen De and Leo Sleuwaegen, 2003, “Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out Domestic Entrepreneurship?” Review of Industrial Organization, 22（1）, 67–84.
Bérubé, Charles, Marc Duhamel, and Daniel Ershov, 2012, “Market Incentives for Business Innovation: Results from Canada,” Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 12（1）, 47–65.
Blalock, Garrick and Paul J. Gertler, 2004, “Learning from exporting revisited in a less developed setting,” Journal of Development Economics, 75（2）, 397–416.
Boermans, Martijn Adriaan, and Hein Roelfsema, 2015, “The Effects of Internationalization on Innovation: Firm-Level Evidence for Transition Economies,” Open Economies Review, 26（2）, 333–350.
Bos, Jaap W.B., James W.Kolari, and Ryan C.R.van Lamoen, 2013, “Competition and innovation: Evidence from financial services,” Journal of Banking & Finance, 37（5）, 1590–1601.
Branstetter, Lee, Jong-Rong Chen, Britta Glennon, Chih-Hai Yang and Nikolas Zolas, 2017, “Does offshoring manufacturing harm innovation in the home country? Evidence from Taiwan and China,” Working Paper.
Fassio, Claudio, 2018, “Export-led innovation: the role of export destinations,” Industrial and Corporate Change, 27（1）, 149–171.
Filippetti, Andrea, Marion Frenz and Grazia Ietto-Gillies, 2017, “The impact of internationalization on innovation at countries' level: the role of absorptive capacity,” Cambridge Journal of Economics, 41（2）, 413–439
Flister, Larissa, Viktoriya Galushko, 2016, “The impact of wheat market liberalization on the seed industry’s innovative capacity: an assessment of Brazil’s experience,” Agricultural and Food Economics, 4（11）.
Friesenbichler, Klaus S., 2007, “Innovation and Market Concentration in Europe's Mobile Phone Industries. Evidence from the Transition from 2G to 3G,” WIFO Working Papers, No. 306
García, Francisco, Byungchae Jin and Robert Salomon, 2013, “Does inward foreign direct investment improve the innovative performance of local firms?” Research Policy, 42（1）, 231–244
Greene, William H., 1994, “Accounting for Excess Zeros and Sample Selection in Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models,” NYU Working Paper No. EC-94-10
Ito, Keiko, 2011, “Sources of Learning-by-Exporting Effects: Does Exporting Promote
Innovation?” RIETI Discussion Papers: FY2011, 11-E-063.
Keller, Wolfgang and Stephen R. Yeaple, 2003, “Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence from the United States,” NBER Working Paper No. 9504.
Lileeva, Alla and Daniel Trefler, 2010, “Improved Access to Foreign Markets Raises Plant-level Productivity…For Some Plants,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125（3）, 1051–1099.
Melitz, Marc J., 2003, “The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity,” Econometrica, 71（6）, 1695–1725.
Navas, Antonio, 2015, “Trade liberalisation and innovation under sector heterogeneity,” Regional Science and Urban Economics, 50, 42–62.
Nickell, Stephen J., 1996, “Competition and Corporate Performance,”Journal of Political Economy, 104（4）, 724–746.
Rodil, Óscar, Xavier Vence, and María del Carmen Sánchez, 2016, “The relationship between innovation and export behaviour: The case of Galician firms,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 113（B）, 248–265.
Salomon, Robert M., 2006, “Spillovers to foreign market participants: assessing the impact of export strategies on innovative productivity,” Strategic Organization, 4（2）, 135–164.
Salomon, Robert M. and J. Myles Shaver, 2005, “Learning by exporting: new insights from examining firm innovation,” Journal of economics & management strategy, 14（2）, 431–460.
Wang, Chengqi and Mario I.Kafouros, 2009, “What factors determine innovation performance in emerging economies? Evidence from China,” International Business Review, 18（6）, 606–616
Vuong, Quang H., 1989, “Likelihood Ratio Tests for Model Selection and Non-Nested Hypotheses,” Econometrica, 57（2）, 307–333.
Yang, Chih-Hai, 2006, “Is innovation the story of Taiwan's economic growth?,” Journal of Asian Economics, 17（5）, 867–878.
Yang, Chih-Hai, 2008, “Effects of Strengthening Intellectual Property Rights in Newly Industrialized Economies: Evidence from Taiwan's 1994 Patent Reform,” Contemporary Economic Policy, 26（2）, 259–275.
Yang, Chih-Hai, Jong-Rong Cheng, and Wen-Bin Chuang, 2004, “Technology and Export Decision,” Small Business Economics, 2004, 22（5）, 349–364.
Yang, Chih-Hai and Nai-Fong Kuo, 2008, “Trade-related influences, foreign intellectual property rights and outbound international patenting,” Research Policy, 37（3）, 446–459.