研究生: |
陳冠亘 CHEN, GUAN-XUAN. |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
2,3-含烷氮基噻吩合成與酸催化聚合研究 Synthesis of Thiophene Monomers Containing N-based Substituents and Study of their Acid-catalyzed Polymerization |
指導教授: |
韓建中
Han, Chien-Chung |
口試委員: |
彭之皓
Peng, Chi-How 白孟宜 Bai, Meng-Yi |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
理學院 - 化學系 Department of Chemistry |
論文出版年: | 2017 |
畢業學年度: | 105 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 226 |
中文關鍵詞: | 烷氮 、噻吩合成 、酸催化 |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
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本實驗室成功地在噻吩之三號位上做長碳鏈烷基、烷硫基、以及烷氧基的修飾,而含氮側鏈的噻吩單體卻鮮少有相關文獻。若是有相關含氮側鏈之噻吩單體之聚合結果被研究出來,我們將會更了解不同側鏈對聚合反應的影響。另外考慮到相較於碳原子,氮原子有較高的價電子數,且在側鏈的修飾上有較高的變化性 (-NHR, -NR2, -NRR’),同時也增加了其物性的變化 (tuning the property of polymers)。基於以上動機,我們合成了一系列含氮側鏈之噻吩單體並做了相關之酸聚合反應。離去基部分,我們也在噻吩2號位上引進吡咯啶、2-吡咯酮取代基,有趣的是這些含鹼性離去基之噻吩單體在三氟甲磺酸的催化下,仍可以進行聚合。
在3-烷氮基噻吩聚合中,首先我們觀察到2-溴-3-(2-吡咯烷酮)噻吩會因為側鏈含有羰基 (carbonyl group) 的存在,導致聚合活性差。所以我們也合成了2-溴-3-吡咯烷噻吩、2-溴-3-哌啶噻吩、2-溴-3-正丁胺噻吩、以及2-溴-3-甲基正丁胺噻吩,也解決了聚合活性差的問題,並且觀察到側鏈的親核性將會影響聚合物的共軛性。
2號位含氮離去基部分,我們不僅發現鹼性的含氮離去基 (如吡咯啶、2-吡咯酮) 可以當作離去基進行聚合,更令人意外地是僅需要用少量的酸就可以進行聚合反應。另外我們也發現離去基之pKa的改變,將影響聚合物的聚合程度。如離去基從吡咯啶到2-吡咯酮轉變,離去基的pKa從36.0下降到14.7過程中,大幅改善聚合物的共軛性以及聚合程度。
至今我們實驗室已經開發了鹵化氫、烷氧基、吡咯啶、以及2-吡咯酮離去基,並且我們也整合了不同離去基在聚合過程中所扮演的角色。也相信這一系列含氮基噻吩聚合的研究能夠讓我們在酸催化聚領域中,增添更多更完整的資訊。
We synthesized novel poly(3-alkylaminothiophene)s successfully by using an unusual acid-catalyzed polymerization technique. We found that the nucleophilic character of amino group on third position of thiophene affects the polymer’s conjugation significantly. In addition, we found that some interesting and novel groups like pyrrolidine and 2-pyrrolidinone can also act as leaving groups (LG) for acid catalyzed polymerization of 3-alkoxythiophene monomers.
While studying the nucleophilic effect of amino substituent on third position of 2-bromothiophene monomer for the acid catalyzed polymerization, it was evident that cycloalkylamino substituents on third position are giving better polymerization results. We have successfully polymerized 3-alkylamino substituted thiophene monomers like 2-bromo-3-(piperidino)thiophene, 2-bromo-3-(pyrrolidine)thiophene, 2-bromo-3-(N-butylamino) thiophene, and 2-bromo-3-(N-butyl-N-methylamino)thiophene. Whereas there is a considerable decrease in the polymerization degree of 2-bromo-3-(2-pyrrolidone)thiophene, which maybe caused by carbonyl group attached to nitrogen that somehow reduces the polymerization reactivity.
For the LG part, we found that pyrrolidine displays the deprotonation’s problem, making the degree of polymerization lower. Fortunately, we solved the problem by changing the LG from pyrrolidine to 2-pyrrolidinone which helps to lower the pKa of LG from 36.0 to 14.7. By doing so, we get higher conjugation, Mn, Mw, and lower PDI.
We have prepared some novel thiophene monomers with basic leaving groups, apart from our previously developed acidic and neutral leaving groups (halo and alkoxy respectively), and we found that they can be easily polymerized with minimal amount of acid catalyst (0.05 equiv of TFMSA).
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