此研究分成兩個部分探究薄膜材料的驚奇特性。第一部分中我們透過自旋極化掃描穿隧式電子顯微鏡(spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, SP-STM)量測單原子層錳島嶼上120°奈爾反鐵磁結構的量子尺寸效應，此外，透過SP-STM模擬，我們可以針對實驗量測到的磁性訊號進行分析及比對，進而了解背後的物理機制。
2008年文獻曾經報導，錳在銀(111)基板上能形成平整的(1×1)六方晶格結構，透過自旋極化探針確認其表面為120°奈爾反鐵磁結構，一般來說奈爾結構中錳原子的自旋方向是完全平面內(in-plane)的，然而我們的實驗發現在小尺寸的錳島嶼上奈爾結構出現平面外(out-of-plane)分量，且會隨著外加磁場方向改變而翻轉。
第二部分中我們進行鉍在鋁(111)基板上的生長研究，鋁(111)具有與銀(111)相近的晶格常數，且在低溫下具有超導性，目前對於鋁基板上的薄膜生長研究並不多。透過實驗我們發現鉍在鋁(111)基板上具有四種結構，包含根據理論計算具有平坦能帶(flat-band)的Kagome結構、似蜂巢狀六方晶格結構、(√3×√3)結構以及與鉍在銀基板上相似的(p×√3)條紋結構，這些成長良好的結構除了本身的物理特性外，也提供一個平台供未來結合磁性或拓墣材料的薄膜研究。

This study is divided into two parts to explore the surprising properties of thin film systems.
In the first part, we employ spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) to measure the quantum size effect (QSE) of the 120° antiferromagnetic Néel structure in single layer Mn on Ag(111) substrate. Additionally, SP-STM simulations are used to analyze and compare the spin structures, aiming to elucidate the underlying physical properties. Previous literature has observed that Mn can form neatly arranged (1×1) triangular islands on Ag(111) substrate. Using a spin-polarized tip, a (√3×√3) magnetic pattern corresponding to the 120° antiferromagnetic Néel structure was identified. In the typical Néel state reported in 2008, the spin directions were entirely in-plane. However, our experiments revealed that when the island size is reduced to a certain extent, the 120° Néel structure exhibits an out-of-plane component and can be flipped with an applied magnetic field.
In the second part, we study the thin film growth on the Aluminum (111) substrate. Al(111) has a lattice constant close to that of Ag(111) and possesses superconductivity below 1.2 K. However, aluminum crystals tend to oxidize, requiring the optimization of the cleaning process to achieve a flat and clean surface. Subsequently, we performed a growth study of bismuth on the Al(111) substrate. Four phases were obtained at different Bi coverages and substrate temperatures. By analyzing atomic resolution STM images, we propose structural models for these four phases.

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