電腦輔助訓練系統開發與應用-以緊急應變中心為例

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研究生：	吳佳憲 Chia-shien Wu
論文名稱：	電腦輔助訓練系統開發與應用-以緊急應變中心為例 The Development of the Computer Aided Tutorial System for Emergency Response Center
指導教授：	黃雪玲 Sheue-Ling Hwang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 工業工程與工程管理學系 Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
論文出版年：	2005
畢業學年度：	93
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	66
中文關鍵詞：	電腦輔助訓練系統、專家系統、緊急應變中心
外文關鍵詞：	Computer-aided training, Expert system, ERC
相關次數：	點閱：1 下載：0
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在現今的半導體產業中，風險控制中心 (Emergency Response Center) 已經扮演著舉足輕重的角色，而傳統對於新進人員的訓練方式是使用紙本的教材以及資深的人員當講師傳授經驗。但相對於此種方法對於人力的需求也相對增加，且教材的編排要相當的凌亂而沒有規劃，因此也造成新進人員學習上的困擾，也許因此造成對於事故研判處理的過程中發生錯誤進而造成企業的損失。本研究希望透過電腦輔助教學系統 (Computer-aided training system) 的建構，來降低新進人員學習的負荷，且增加學習的效率與品質。而此訓練系統同時具備專家系統的特色，因此除了訓練的用途外，還可有決策支援的能力，使線上人員一旦事故發生時可以有決策的依據。
本研究的目的主要針對火災災害的控制與處理對於新進人員進行訓練，所有與火災控制的相關知識匯整於電腦訓練系統中，人員只需要使用電腦就可以進行訓練，不需受限於時間或訓練人員是否有時間。也因此對於新進人員的訓練也可以更加的有彈性，對於部門管理階層也可以更有效率的進行訓練工作。
系統建構的程序，首先對ERC的員工進行訪談以及蒐集相關教育訓練的教材，得到火災處理程序的相關知識，針對所取得的資訊進行電腦程式的設計。對於所建構系統的績效評量，設計了相關的實驗，受測者為清華大學工業工程碩士，且並無接受過相關的訓練。受測者隨機分為兩組，一組接受傳統的訓練方式，另一組使用電腦輔助教學系統的訓練。績效衡量的指標為受測者完成訓練程序之後，接受測試任務之正確性分數。
實驗結果顯示在記憶性知識的衡量上，傳統與電腦化輔助教學系統並沒有顯著的差異，但是在較複雜的火災處理流程性的知識學習上，電腦輔助教學系統顯著有較佳的績效表現。且遊戲化的介面設計也使使用者滿意度提高並增加學習的有趣性。經由對於結果的討論，也提出本研究的貢獻、限制以及未來的發展性，有待未來增加應用的範圍與層面。

In the traditional way, the training courses of Emergency Response Center (ERC) are depending on instructors and paper materials to educate under-trained workers. The lack of instructors and complex of training materials may cause wrong decisions in some situations and may result in a large damage to the semiconductor companies. Via computer-aided training system, the workers’ learning effectiveness and efficiency can be improved. The advantage of this system can let trainees learn all knowledge and skills about their jobs through the training program and well-designed interface, and that could decrease the loading of trainees. The system is based on an expert system. In the other hand, it is not only for training but has a potential ability for decision support.
The objective of this research was to construct a system to support fire situation handling training. Trainees can learn the procedure and skills to solve fire situation by the computer program. All material about the fire situation handling was included in the system. Therefore, trainees can learn by themselves without human instructors, and the training will be more flexible for trainees and manager of ERC.
The development of the system was following the research procedure. First, interview the staffs of ERC and collect training materials of fire situation handling. Second, program the training course and expert system in the computer. For evaluation of the training system, an experiment was conducted. The subjects are divided into two groups. One group received traditional training and another group used computer-aided system for training. All subjects were asked to finish several tasks for evaluating performance. After the experiment, subjects were asked about their opinions of the experiment.
From the results of the experiment, one could see that performances of declarative knowledge memory of the two groups were not different, but computer aided tutoring system had better performance in procedural knowledge memory. In the conclusion, contributions and limitations of the research and future work were described. In the future, the system can be applied to all emergency issues for ERC to make it more appropriate and powerful.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents    I
List of Figures    VI
List of Tables    VII
Chapter 1   Introduction    1
1.1 Background    1
1.2 Motivation    2
1.3 Research framework    3
Chapter 2   Literature Review    6
2.1 An Intelligent Computer Aided Learning System    6
2.1.1 The structure of intelligent computer aided learning system    6
2.1.2 Modules of the system    7
2.2 Expert System    9
2.2.1 Expert System construction    10
2.2.2 Program evaluation    12
2.3 Knowledge Acquisition    13
2.3.1 Method of knowledge acquisition    13
2.3.2 Procedure and actions for emergency situation    15
2.3.3 Resources of knowledge acquisition    17
2.4 Interface Design    18
2.4.1 The fundamental concept of interface design    18
2.4.2 Procedure of interface design    22
2.4.3 Attractive interface design    23
Chapter 3 Methodology    24
3.1 Problem definition    24
3.2 Construction of the computer aided tutorial system    26
3.2.1 Software design of the computer aided tutorial system    27
3.2.2 System illustration    27
3.3 Experimental evaluation    33
3.3.1 Experimental variables    33
3.3.2 Subjects    34
3.3.3 Experimental environment    35
3.3.4 Experimental procedures    36
Chapter 4 Experimental Result    37
4.1 Tests scores    37
4.2 Normal probability test    38
4.3 t-test analysis    40
4.4 The analysis of the subjective questionnaire    41
4.5 Discussion    42
4.6 Limitations of experiments    44
During the experimental process, there exist some limitations as follows:    44
Chapter 5 Conclusions    45
5.1 The contributions of the research    45
5.2 Future works    46
There are still many works to do to make the system more appropriate:    46
References    47
Appendix A    51
Appendix B    56
Appendix C    61
Appendix D    63












List of Figures

Figure 1 Research framework    5
Fig. 2 A conventional learning system. (Kesheng Wang & Juhia Liu, 1996)    7
Fig. 3 A Computer Aided Learning system. (Kesheng Wang & Juhia Liu, 1996)    7
Fig. 4 Architecture of a general ICAL system. (Burn, 1991)    9
Fig. 5 Structuring the knowledge modeling process. (Bench-Capon, Paton & Shave, 1994)    15
Fig. 6 Incident identification knowledge unit (Hernandez & Serrano, 2001).    17
Fig. 7 User interface model (Berrais, 1997)    19
Fig. 8 Relation between the user and the computer system via the us interface  (Berrais, 1997)    21
Fig. 9 User requirement specification for KEBSs design cycle  (Howey, et al., 1989)    21
Fig. 10. The instructional interface design process overview. (Lohr, 2000)    23
Fig.12 Home page of the system    27
Fig. 13 The window of module 1    28
Fig. 14 The window of module 2    29
Fig. 16 The procedure of fore suite wearing    31
Fig. 17 The procedure of SCBA wearing    31
Fig. 18 The procedure of fire extinguisher operating    31
Fig. 19 The expert system of fire handling    32
Fig. 20 The window of module 4    33
Fig. 21 Manual learning    35
Fig. 22 Computer aided learning    36
Fig.23 Normality test on memory scores of declarative knowledge in manual    38
Fig.24 Normality test on memory scores of declarative knowledge in CAT    39
Fig. 25 Normality test on memory scores of procedural knowledge in manual    39
Fig. 26 Normality test on memory scores of procedural knowledge in CAT    40




List of Tables

Table 1: Scores of the two tests    37
Table 2: The t-test for scores of declarative knowledge memory (α= 0.05)    40
Table 3: The t-test for scores of Procedural knowledge memory (α= 0.05)    41
Table 4: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for the subjective questionnaire (α= 0.05)    42

                                

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