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研究生： 彭瓚雅
Peng, Zan-Ya
論文名稱： 低耗能藍芽技術同時連結總合頻寬的極限
Practical Limits on Maintaining Simultaneous Connections while Maximizing Aggregate Bandwidth in Bluetooth Low Energy Technology
指導教授： 周百祥
Chou, Pai H.
口試委員: 蔡明哲
Ming-Jer Tsai
周志遠
Jerry Chou
周百祥
Pai H. Chou
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系
Computer Science
論文出版年： 2014
畢業學年度： 102
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 30
中文關鍵詞： 低功耗藍芽 、延展性
外文關鍵詞： BLE sensor network, scalability
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    • 隨著物聯網(Internet of Things)的普及，其在大數目密集區域的延展性(scalability) 是一個
    重要的議題。低功耗藍芽技術(BLE)是很常被運用在物聯網上的無線網路協定之一。延展性
    在理論上有很大進展，但實際上卻仍然有一段距離。本篇論文藉由考量實作時所遭遇的問
    題，例如無線感測器和智慧手機運行時的支援行為，來探討維護連限的能力和總合頻寬的實
    際限制。和配對溝通方式相比，廣播溝通方式有更好的穩定性與更高的總合頻寬。本篇論文
    的貢獻是工程師們不僅可以對延展性有更好的認識，同時也對實限上的限制原因有更多了
    解。如此一來，他們可以在規劃他們設計的時候省去不少試誤的時間

    As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes ubiquitous, one critical question is their scalability to
    large numbers in a dense area. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Technology is one of the most popular
    wireless protocols for IoT devices, and it has increased the theoretical limit to a very large number,
    but in practice this limit is much lower. This thesis explores the practical limits in terms of the ability
    to maintain connections and in aggregate bandwidth by considering implementation issues such as the
    behavior of the underlying run-time support on the wireless nodes and the smartphone OS. Compared
    with paired communication, experiment results show that broadcast communication is more stable
    and achieves higher aggregate data bandwidth. The contribution is that engineers will have a much
    better idea about not only scalability but also the reason behind the limits so that they can scale their
    designs accordingly without much trial and error.

    Abstract i Contents i Acknowledgments v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Problem Statement and Technical Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Background 4 2.1 Link Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.1 Link Layer States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.2 Link Layer Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1.3 Link Layer Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 TI’s BLE Stack and OSAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 System Models 10 3.1 Paired vs. Broadcast in BLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1.1 Paired Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.1.2 Broadcast Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.2 Smartphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.2.1 Master-Slave vs. Slave Advertiser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.3 Host PC with the Dongle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 i 4 Experiment Results 14 4.1 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.1.1 Smartphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.1.2 Host PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.1.3 BLE Sensor Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.1.4 Dongle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2 Aggregate Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.2.1 MS method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.2.2 SA method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.3 Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5 Conclusions and Future Work 19 5.1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 ii

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