摘 要
本研究的主要目的在透過自我決定理論的「社會情境→心理中介→動機型態→行為結果」動機過程模式，以建立一個能夠涵蓋社會情境因素與個人心理變項的體育志工參與動機模式。在社會情境因素方面，以體育志工在參與過程中所感受到的自主感支持與控制為代表；在心理中介變項方面，以體育志工參與時所感受到的自主感、勝任感和關係感等基本需求滿足為主要衡量變項；在動機型態方面，以自我決定動機強度是本研究所採用的指標；最後在行為結果方面，個人的離職與留任意圖則是本研究想要瞭解的行為結果變項。以全國設有體育志工團隊的14個縣市體育場進行問卷調查，總計發出700份問卷，回收619份，有效問卷507份，研究結果如下：
(一) 自主感支持的情境對個人基本需求滿足（自主感、勝任感、關係感）有顯著且正面的影響。也就是體育志工在參與過程中所獲得的支持與鼓勵愈多，其基本需求就愈能滿足。其中又以對自主感需求的影響最大，其次為關係感，最小則為勝任感。
(二) 控制的情境對個人基本需求滿足（自主感、勝任感）有顯著且負面的影響。也就是體育志工在參與過程中所感受到的指揮與監督愈多，其基本需求也就會愈不能滿足。其中又以對勝任感的影響最大，其次為自主感，不過對關係感的影響並未達顯著水準。
(三) 個人基本需求滿足（自主感、勝任感、關係感）對自我決定動機強度有顯著且正面的影響。也就是體育志工在參與的過程中，所感受行為的自我決定程度愈高、知覺自己是有能力的、並且能和他人產生良好的互動，其動機型態是愈能自我決定的。不同的基本需求滿足對自我決定動機強度的影響不盡相同。整體而言，以勝任感對自我決定動機強度的影響最大，其次是關係感，最小的則是自主感。
(四) 自我決定動機強度對留任意圖有顯著且正面的影響，並且對離職意圖有顯著且負面的影響。也就是個人的動機型態愈趨於能夠自我決定，其留任的意願就會愈高，離職意願就較低。
(五) 修正後的「體育志工參與動機過程模式」適合度尚可接受的範圍內。
根據上述之發現，本研究給各縣市體育場相關單位提供實務應用之參考，最後並對未來研究可行性方向提出建議。

關鍵詞：體育志工、參與動機、自我決定理論

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct a model of participative motivation via self-determination theory. In the factor of social situation, autonomy support and control were the main feeling in working as a sport volunteer. Perceptions of autonomy, competence and relatedness represented psychological mediators. A self-determined motivation index was used to integrate the scores. Intensions of retain and turnover were variables as behavior consequences. A group-administrated questionnaire was sent to 700 sport volunteers around Taiwan, and a survey was conducted. 619 questionnaires returned, and 507 of them were valid and used for further data analysis. The findings of this study were summarized as following:
1. Autonomy-support had a significant positive effect on basic need satisfaction. That is, the more support from the participation, the more satisfaction the sport volunteers perceived. Among them, autonomy support had the strongest effect, following were relatedness and competence.
2. Control situation had a significant negative effect on basic need satisfaction. That is, the more command and supervision the sport volunteers perceived, the less satisfaction of basic need they were. Among them, competence had the strongest effect, following were autonomy support.
3. Basic need had a significant positive effect on self-determination. That is, the more autonomous, competent and related the sport volunteers perceived, the more they will be motivated by self-determine. The different basic needs had different effects on self-determination. Among them, competence had the strongest effect, following were relatedness and autonomy.
4. The self-determine motivation had significant positive effect on retain intention, and had significant negative effect on turnover intention. That is, the higher level of self-determination, the higher intention of stay the sport volunteers have, and lower lever of turnover intention they have.
5. The results showed that the modified model fit the data satisfactorily and was acceptable.

Based on the finding above, some advices were proposed for the manager of stadium around Taiwan. Lastly, future research orientations were proposed.

Key words: Sport Volunteer; Participation Motivation; self-determination theory.

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