研究生: |
王劭予 Shao-Yu Wang |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
上嫁或下嫁?—俄羅斯女性配偶在台生活經驗初探 Hypergamy or Hypogamy?—A Preliminary Research on the Russian Spouses in Taiwan |
指導教授: |
黃倩玉
C.Julia Huang |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
人文社會學院 - 人類學研究所 Anthropology |
論文出版年: | 2008 |
畢業學年度: | 96 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 178 |
中文關鍵詞: | 跨國婚姻 、外籍配偶 、俄籍女性 、上嫁 、下嫁 、移民 、生活調適 |
外文關鍵詞: | cross-border marriage, foreign spouse, Russian women, hypergamy, hypogamy, immigrant, life adjustment, transnational marriage |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
跨國婚姻的存在並非新現象,只是隨著不同時空背景而映射出各異風貌。台灣目前的研究主要以大陸或東南亞女性為主,無論是將其放置在全球政經脈絡的結構論,或是在台生活之融合與調適,抑或聚焦制度及社會關係之中型研究,均脫離不了商品化的特質。本論文之俄羅斯女性配偶則提供另一面向,從人類學的上下嫁觀點出發,分別以個人認知、國際政經與文化膚色三個層次來檢視俄籍配偶在台生活經驗,發掘跨國婚姻的多樣面貌。
研究發現本文接觸之俄籍配偶均為自行認識或透過人際網絡,並無仲介案例,且上下嫁在不同層次與因素影響下,不一定會產生作用。首先在個人認知層次中,只有婚前婚後的想像落差,以及自我調適的人生經歷,因此上下嫁並不存在。而在國際政經層次中,從客觀的結構性因素衡量嫁娶當時的台俄兩國國內生產總額(Gross Domestic Product, GDP)成長率,經濟因素或許會產生上嫁之感,但國家整體的經濟表現,並不能呈現個體的差異性,國際間的政經排名順序也不必然等同於個人的階序關係。此外,夫妻間的教育程度相似,妻子在台也有謀生能力,雖然仍以丈夫的經濟能力為主,但她們也非全然被動接受,有一定程度的自主性與獨立性。
至於文化膚色層次方面,根據報導人的經驗分析,膚色在日常生活中的影響,代表黃與白兩種膚色背後所呈現出的文化階序關係,進而可能造成下嫁之感,但經濟上嫁或膚色下嫁的推論只見於某些個案,其餘則無顯著差異,且國家排名和個人階序關係不必然等同,唯有明顯可辨的膚色是永遠無法改變的因素。然而在衡量客觀結構的同時,實際生活中的俄籍配偶卻無關上下嫁,因此上下嫁的意義與重要性仍有待更多評估與討論。
Cross-border marriage has existed for centuries. It presents various stories across time and space. It is therefore not something new. The prolific studies of cross-border marriage in Taiwan nearly unanimously focus on the mainland Chinese and southeast Asian spouses. Although these studies use a variety of theories ranging from global political economy, to life adjustment, to the meso-model of institutions and social relations, cross-border marriage is categorically characteristically commodified. In this thesis I focus on an under-studied group, the Russian marriage migrants, and use a different approach that does not ontologically view cross-border marriage as commodified. More specifically, I use the anthropological concepts of hypergamy and hypogamy to analyze my ethnography of the Russian spouses’ life in Taiwan in three levels—personal, structural, and ethnic. In so doing, this thesis aims to contribute to our understanding of the Russian-Taiwanese marriage in terms of these women’s construction of self, in the context of international political economy, and with regard to the issues of cultural and skin-color differences.
All the Russian women I interviewed met their Taiwanese husbands by themselves or through their social networks. There is no brokerage involved. Hypergamy and hypogamy vary in different levels. First, in the self-construction level, there are only the discrepancies between imaginations and realities, and their adjusting process to the married life as well as the new environment. Hypergamy and hypogamy do not exist in this level. Second, based on the difference in Gross Domestic Production (GDP) between Taiwan and Russia, one might expect to find attributes of hypergamy due to the economic motivation for an upward move on the international politico-economic structure. However, a nation’s economic situation does not equal to that of the individual, nor does the difference between nations apply to that between the conjugal relation. Furthermore, Taiwanese husbands and their Russian wives are similar on their education levels. Although husbands are the primary breadwinners, wives can make a living by themselves.
With regards to culture and skin colors, according to the informants’ experience, the significance of skin colors in daily life connotes a cultural hierarchy between yellow and white, and it may lead to hypogamy. However, only a few cases attribute economical hypergamy or hypogamy to skin color. While national discrepancies do not equal to individual differences, skin colors are unchangeable. While we found some hypergamy and hypogamy at work on the politico-economic structure, there is actually no sign of hypergamy and hypogamy in Russian spouses’ daily life. We need more research and discussions to evaluate the significance of hypergamy and hypogamy.
王宏仁
2000 婚姻階層化的「生產力」移動:婚姻移民與國內勞動市場。刊於全球化下的社會學想像:國家、經濟與社會學術研討會論文集。台大社會學系。
2001 社會階層化下的婚姻移民與國內勞動市場:以越南新娘為例。刊於台灣社會研究季刊41:99-127。
2002 十字路口的越南新娘:性別、階級與移民。刊於亞太研究通訊18:3-23。
王宏仁、沈倖如
2002 融入或逃離?——越南新娘的在地反抗策略。2003台灣的東南亞區域研究年度研討會發表論文。
王宏仁、張書銘
2003 商品化的跨國婚姻市場:以台越婚姻仲介業運作為例。刊於台灣社會學6: 177-221。
王承宗
1994 第七章 社會變遷,刊於畢英賢主編《俄羅斯》,頁325-370。台北:政大國關中心。
王崧興
1985 On the Household and Family in Chinese Society. In The Chinese Family and Its Ritual Behavior. J.C. Hsieh and Y.C. Chuang eds. Pp.50-58. Taipei: Monograph Series B. No.15, Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica.
1986 漢人的「家」觀念與群體,刊於中山大學人類學系編《人類學論文選集》,頁293-303。廣州:中山大學出版社。
1991 中國人的”家”制度與現代化,刊於喬健主編《中國家庭及其變遷》,頁9-14。香港:中文大學。
中央研究院近代史研究所 編
1968 中俄關係史料——一般交涉,中華民國十年。台北:中央研究院近代史研究所。
古鳳玉
2001 俄羅斯政經環境對台俄經貿關係之影響(1992-2000)。國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所碩士論文。
李亦園
1978 信仰與文化。台北:巨流。
李齊芳
2000 中俄關係史。台北:聯經。
李邁先
1999 俄國史。台北:國立編譯館。
利翠珊
2002 婆媳與母女:不同世代女性家庭經驗的觀點差異。女學學誌:婦女與性別研究13:179-218。
何翠萍
2004[1989] 導言:禮物•人情•債—─舊社會禮物交換形式。刊於禮物,頁1-28。台北:遠流。
吳玉山
2000 俄羅斯轉型1992-1999——一個政治經濟學的分析。台北:五南。
吳克禮 主編
2001 當代俄羅斯社會與文化。上海:外語教育。
林津如
2005 評介邱琡雯:《性別與移動:日本與台灣的亞洲新娘》。女學學誌:婦女與性別研究19:247-255。
邱琡雯
2005[2003] 性別與移動──日本與台灣的亞洲新娘。台北:巨流。
周碧娥
1990 性別體制、政經結構與婦女運動的多元化。思與言28-1:69-91。
周玉蔻
1993 蔣方良與蔣經國。台北:麥田。
胡台麗
1980 台灣農村婚姻的變貌:兼談社會文化現象的瞭解與解釋。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊50:67-89。
茅慧青
1985 蘇聯婦女地位之研究。國立政治大學東亞研究所碩士論文。
姚海
1995 俄羅斯文化之路。台北:淑馨。
夏曉鵑
2000 資本國際化下的國際婚姻:以台灣的外籍新娘現象為例。台灣社
會研究季刊39:45-92。
2002 流離尋岸—─資本國際化下的「外籍新娘」現象。台北:唐山。
2005 不要叫我外籍新娘。台北:左岸文化。
馬藹萱
2003 尋求「交會」的光芒—─評夏曉鵑著《流離尋岸—─資本國際化下『外籍新娘』現象》。政治與社會哲學評論6:231-237。
畢英賢 主編
1994 俄羅斯。台北:國立政治大學國際關係研究中心。
莊英章
1994 家族與婚姻:台灣北部兩個閩客村落之研究。台北:中央研究院民族學研究所。
陳其南
1986 婚姻、家族與社會。台北:允晨。
陳佩瑜
2003 台灣想像與落差:十九個埔里越南新娘的故事。國立暨南大學東南亞研究所碩士論文。
葉自成
1997 俄羅斯政府與政治。台北:揚智。
張雪真
2004 越南新娘在台生活之調適:以苗栗縣頭份鎮為例。國立清華大學人類學研究所碩士論文。
張正霖
2003 「在家、國(Nation-State)、全球市場(Global Market)夾縫中的『他者』」——論台灣學術知識生產中的外籍新娘「意象」。發表於意識、認同、實踐─2003年女性主義學術研討會。
曾嬿芬
2006 誰可以打開國界的門?——移民政策的階級主義。刊於台灣社會研究季刊61:73-107。
費孝通
1947 鄉土中國。出版不詳。
廖元豪
2004 從「外籍新娘」到「新移民女性」——移民人權的法學研究亟待投入。
台灣本土法學雜誌61:1-3。
趙竹成
1990 金帳汗國在俄國政治社會發展上的角色。國立政治大學民族學研究所碩士論文。
1999 俄羅斯民族國家建構中蒙古金帳汗國的影響。台北:蒙藏委員會。
2002 俄羅斯聯邦體制的憲政基礎及其衝突。台北:韋伯。
劉明香
2005 經濟發展與制度選擇之研究─—以「金磚四國」為例。亞東學報25:195-204。
蔡雅玉
2001 台越跨國婚姻現象之初探。國立成功大學政治經濟研究所碩士論文。
鄭雅雯
1999 南洋過台灣:東南亞外籍新娘在台婚姻與生活探究——以台南市為例。國立東華大學族群關係與文化研究所碩士論文。
龍舒甲
1994 史地背景,刊於畢英賢主編《俄羅斯》,頁11-67。台北:國立政治大學國際關係研究中心。
薛立琦
1997 俄羅斯婦女政治地位之研究(1985-1997)。淡江大學俄羅斯研究所碩士論文。
韓政燕
2000 俄國女性就業問題之研究。國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所碩士論文。
蕭昭娟
2000 國際遷移之調適研究:以彰化縣社頭鄉外籍新娘為例。國立臺灣師範大學地理研究所博士論文。
Appadurai
2002 Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. In The
Anthropology of Globalization: A Reader. Jonathan Xavier Inda and
Renato Rosaldo eds. Pp.47-64. MA: Blackwell.
Atkinson, Dorothy
1978 Society and Sexes in the Russian Past. In Women in Russia. Atkinson, Dallin and Lapidus, eds. Pp.3-38. UK: Harvester Press.
Arutiunov, Sergei
2001 Penetrating Views of Russian Culture. Introduction: Russian Culture in the 20th Century. In Russian Culture. Pp.vii-xx. NY: Berghahn Books.
Attwood, Lynne
1996 Young People, Sex and Sexual Identity. In Gender, Generation and Identity in Contemporary Russia. Hilary Pilkington eds. Pp.95-120. London: Routledge.
Bourdieu, Pierre
1977 Outline of A Theory of Practice. Richard Nice trans. New York: Cambrideg University Press.
2004[1977] 實作理論綱要,宋偉航譯。台北:麥田。
Castlow, Jane and Sandler, Stephanie and Vowles, Judith
1993 Introduction. In Sexuality and the Body in Russian Culture. Jane Costlow, Stephanie Sandler and Judith Vowles, eds. Pp.1-38. Stanford: Staford University Press.
Clark, Constance
2001 Foreign Marriage, “Tradition,” and the Politics of Border Crossings. In China Urban. Nancy Chen, Constance Clark, Suzanne Gottschang and Lyn Jeffery, eds. Pp.104-122. Duke: Duke University Press.
Constable, Nicole
2003 Romance on a Global Stage. Berkeley: University of California Press.
2005 Introduction: Cross-Border Marriages, Gendered Mobility, and Global Hypergamy. In Cross-Border Marriages. Nicole Constable, eds. Pp.1-16. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Engel, Barbara
2004 Women In Russia, 1700-2000. USA: Cambridge University Press.
Ewing, Katherine P.
2002 Consciousness of the State and the Experience of Self: the Runaway Daughter of a Turkish Guest Worker. In Power and the Self. Jeannette Mageo, eds. Pp.93-113. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Giddens, Anthony
2001[1992] 親密關係的轉變:現代社會的性、愛、慾,周素鳳譯,台北:巨流。
Gorer, Geoffrey
2001[1949] The People of Great Russia. Introduction and Introduction-1961. In Russian Culture. Pp.3-22. NY: Berghahn Books.
Howard, Michael
1997[1993] 文化人類學,李茂興、藍美華譯。台北:弘智。
Hsu, Min-Tao(許敏桃)
1998 “Fitting in” to the “No Return Trip”: Women’s Perception of Marriage and Family in Taiwan.(適應婚姻不歸路:台灣女性的婚姻與家庭觀)Proceedings of the National Science Council. Republic of China part c: humanities and social sciences. Vol.8, No.4, pp.527-538.(行政院國家科學委員會研究彙刊之三:人文及社會科學4-527-538)
Ilic, Melanie
2001 Introduction. In Women in the Stalin Era. Melanie Ilic, eds. Pp.1-6. NY: Palgrave.
Juviler, Peter H.
1978 Women and Sex in Soviet Law. In Women in Russia. Atkinson, Dallin and Lapidus, eds. Pp.243-265. UK: Harvester Press.
Lavely, William
1991 Marriage and Mobility under Rural Collectivism. In Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society. Rubie Watson and Patricia Buckley Ebrey, eds. Pp.286-312.
California: University of California Press.
Leach, Edmund
1987[1970] 結構主義之父——李維史陀,黃道琳譯。台北:桂冠。
2003[1997] 上緬甸諸政治體制:克欽社會結構之研究。台北:唐山。
Levitt, Peggy
2001 Making Values from Two Worlds Fit. In The Transnational Villagers. Pp.97-124. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mackenzie, David and Curran, Michael W.
1995[1993] 俄羅斯、蘇聯與其後的歷史,蔡百銓譯。台北:國立編譯館。
Mauss, Marcel
2004[1954] 禮物:舊社會中交換的形式與功能,汪珍宜、何翠萍譯。台北:
遠流。
Mageo, Jeannette and Knauft, Bruce
2002 Introduction: Theorizing Power and the Self. In Power and the Self.
Jeannette Marie Mageo, eds. Pp.1-25. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Mann, Susan
1991 Grooming a Daughter for Marriage. Brides and Wives in the Mid-Ch’ing
Period. In Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society. Watson, Rubies and Patricia B. Ebrey, eds. Pp.204-230. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Marsh, Rosalind
1996 Introduction: women’s studies and women’s issue in Russia, Ukraine and the post-Soviet states. In Women in Russia and Ukraine. Rosalind Marsh, eds. Pp.1-28. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Massey, Doreen
1994 A Global Sense of Place. In Space, Place and Gender. Pp.146-156.
UK :Polity Press.
Mead, Margaret
2001[1951] Soviet Attitudes Toward Authority. In Russian Culture. Pp.163-277. NY: Berghahn Books.
Newell, William H.
1985 Structural Conflicts Within the Chinese Family. In The Chinese Family and Its Ritual Behavior, Monograph Series B. No.15. Hsieh Jih-chang and Chuang Ying-chang eds. Pp.84-100. Taipei: Institute of Ethnicity, Academia Sinica.
Siu, Helen F.
1993 Reconstituting Dowry and Brideprice in South China. In Chinese Families in the Post-Mao Era. David Deborah and Steven Harrell, eds. Pp.165-188. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wolf, Arthur
1985 Chinese Family Size: A Myth Revitalized. In The Chinese Family and Its Ritual Behavior, Monograph Series B. No.15. Hsieh Jih-chang and Chuang Ying-chang eds. Pp.30-49. Taipei: Institute of Ethnicity, Academia Sinica.
1989 The Origins and Explanation of Variation in the Chinese Kinship System. In Anthropological Studies of the Taiwan Area: Accomplishments and Prospects. Kuang-Chih Chang, Kuang-Chou Li, Arthur Wolf and Alexander Yin eds. Pp.241-260. Taipei: National Taiwan University.
Wolf, Margery
1972 Uterine Families and the Women’s Community. In Women and the
Family in Rural Taiwan. Pp.32-41. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
1974 Chinese Women: Old Skills in a New Context. In Woman, Culture, and Society. Michelle Eimbalist Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere, eds. Pp.157-172. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Parish, William and Farrer, James
2000 Gender and Family. In Chinese Urban Life under Reform. Wenfang Tang and William Parish, eds. Pp.232-270. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Parkin, Robert
1997 Marriage and Sexual Relations. In Kinship: An Introduction to the Basic Concepts. Pp.37-46. UK: Blackwell Publishers.
Pilkington, Hilary
1996 Introduction. In Gender, Generation and Identity in Contemporary Russia. Hilary Pilkington eds. Pp.1-18. London: Routledge.
United Nations, ed.
1995 Demographic Yearbook United Nations 1993. New York: United Nations.